Sputum immunoglobulin E levels correlate with eosinophilic airway regardless of atopy

Rhyou, HI., Cao, T.B.T., Quoc, Q.L. et al. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 21, 29 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-025-00976-1

Abstract

Comparison of sputum and serum total IgE levels
according to atopic status, asthma control status,
and phenotype of asthma.

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a key molecule that induces mast cell activation in allergic inflammation and contributes to type 2/eosinophilic inflammation in asthmatic airways. This cross-sectional study investigated the role of local IgE in asthmatic airways according to atopy, asthma control, and eosinophilic inflammation. A total of 31 adult patients with moderate-to-severe asthma were enrolled. The study subjects were classified into (1) atopic/non-atopic, (2) controlled/partly controlled/uncontrolled asthma and (3) eosinophilic/non-eosinophilic asthma. Serum/sputum IgE and serum/urine eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) were measured. Serum IgE levels were higher in atopic asthmatics than in non-atopic asthmatics, whereas no differences were noted in sputum IgE levels. Sputum IgE levels were significantly higher in uncontrolled asthmatics than in partly controlled or controlled asthmatics, and in eosinophilic asthmatics than in non-eosinophilic asthmatics, whereas no differences were noted in serum IgE levels. Significant correlations were observed between serum EDN and serum/sputum IgE levels. The production of local IgE in asthmatic airways could contribute to type 2/eosinophilic inflammation, irrespective of atopy, resulting in poor asthma control. Strategies targeting IgE may be effective in the management of non-atopic and atopic asthma.

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Biomarker-driven drug development for allergic diseases and asthma: An FDA public workshop

Rabin RL, Altman MC, Arshad SH et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2025 Jun;155(6):1753-1766. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.03.014. 

Workshop summary

Core outcome measures for severe adult and pediatric asthma. 

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hosted a workshop on February 22, 2024, to discuss the status of biomarkers in drug development for allergic asthma and food allergy. The workshop provided a forum for open discussion among regulators, academicians, National Institutes of Health staff and industry to inform stakeholders of the requirements for the FDA to adopt a biomarker as a surrogate end point for a clinical trial, and to inform FDA of the status of various biomarkers in development.

Omalizumab in pediatric chronic spontaneous urticaria: A systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety

Alomari O, Ozceker D, Mokresh ME, et al. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2025; 36:e70132. doi:10.1111/pai.70132

Abstract

Chronic spontaneous urticaria significantly impairs quality of life in children, with limited treatment options beyond antihistamines. Omalizumab, an anti-IgE antibody, has shown promise in adults but data on its use in children, especially those under 12, are scarce. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in pediatric chronic spontaneous urticaria, providing insights to inform clinical practice and future guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases have been searched for relevant studies. The “R” software has been utilized to analyze the response and relapse rates, changes in urticaria scores, and adverse event rates. Subgroup analyses were also done based on response rate. The assessment of heterogeneity utilized the I2 and chi-squared tests, applying the random effect model.

UAS7 score reduction following omalizumab treatment in pediatric chronic urticaria

This systematic review included 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled response rate for omalizumab was 88.0% (95% CI: 80.7%–95.2%; I2 = 61.0%; p = .001), with a complete response rate of 51.0% (95% CI: 32.7%–69.2%; I2 = 90.0%; p < .001). Good or well-controlled response rates were 50.5% (95% CI: 33.9%–67.1%; I2 = 54.2%; p = .068), while poor or partial responses were 20.1% (95% CI: 14.3%–27.3%; I2 = 0.0%; p = .787).

Subclinical inflammation precedes atopic dermatitis relapses

Al B, Holzscheck N, Traidl S et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2025 Jun 23:S0091-6749(25)00686-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2025.03.033.

Abstract

Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a widespread inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by disease recurrence, even after successful treatment. Past clinical research has mainly focused on understanding the active disease state as opposed to what drives and triggers AD relapses in the first place.

Objective
To elucidate the unknown molecular mechanisms behind AD relapses.

Methods
An observational clinical study with patients in remission was conducted, comparing biopsies from skin that would relapse within the next weeks with skin that stayed in remission using single-cell-RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry analyses.

Results
Signs of subclinical inflammation were present in the clinically healthy appearing pre-relapse state.

Estimated 2023-2024 COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Adults

Link-Gelles R, Rowley EAK, Irving SA, et al.. JAMA Netw Open - Published Online: June 25, 2025;8;(6):e2517402. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.17402

Key Points

Question  What is the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccines against medically attended COVID-19, including during Omicron XBB and JN.1 sublineage predominance?

Findings  This test-negative case-control study included 345 955 emergency department and urgent care encounters and 111 931 hospitalizations among adults with COVID-19–like illness. During 7 to 299 days after 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccination, VE was 29% against COVID-19–associated emergency department and urgent care encounters, 30% against COVID-19–associated hospitalization, and 48% against COVID-19–associated critical illness, with VE being the highest 7 to 59 days after vaccination and waning against all outcomes.

Clinical significance of very high IgE levels (≥1000 IU/mL): Population-based study of 118,211 adults

Nemet, Shay et al.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global, Volume 4, Issue 2, 100403

Abstract

Background

Very high serum IgE (≥1000 IU/mL) is reported in atopic disorders. However, data on its significance in nonallergic disorders are limited.

Objective

We aimed to analyze the diagnostic value of very high IgE in adults.

Methods

A retrospective nationwide study was conducted using the electronic database of Clalit Health Services, covering adults (≥18 years) treated between 2002 and 2022. Subjects with IgE ≥ 1000 IU/mL were compared to the controls with IgE < 100 IU/mL across 3 age groups (18-30, 31-64, and ≥65 years).

Phenotypes of Atopic Dermatitis and Development of Allergic Diseases

Sitarik AR, Eapen AA, Biagini JM, et al.  JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(6):e2515094. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.15094

Key Points

Question  Is the phenotypic expression of atopic dermatitis (AD) associated with the development of other allergic diseases, and what factors are associated with each phenotype?

Findings  This cohort study of 5314 children from 12 US birth cohorts found that AD in children was common and identified 5 distinct AD phenotypes with different associations with comorbidities. Phenotypes with early AD expression were associated with food allergy, phenotypes with later AD expression with allergic rhinitis, and any AD phenotype with asthma.

A real-life multicenter experience for the post-pandemic management of hypersensitivity reactions to Covid-19 vaccines

Alessandra Arcolaci, Lucia Guidolin, Elisa Olivieriet al. Vaccine Volume 61 2025,127337, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127337.

Abstract

The management of patients with immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHSR) to COVID-19 vaccines and their components, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 2000 and polisorbate 80 (PS80), has evolved since the beginning of the vaccination campaign. Despite the end of the pandemics, ensuring safe access to COVID-19 vaccination remains critical, especially for individuals with underlying health conditions.

In this retrospective study, we evaluated 333 patients who underwent a standardized allergy work-up, including skin testing (ST) with vaccine components, to assess their eligibility for COVID-19 vaccination. 155 patients had a history of IHSRs to PEG-containing drugs, and 178 reported a IHSR following a prior vaccine dose.