Enhanced Early Detection of Allergic Rhinitis: A Prospective Study on a Symptom-Based Predictive Model

K.-Z.Zhu, C.He, S.-Z.Zhu et al. World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 0 (2026): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.70109.

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) share overlapping symptoms but differ in pathophysiology and treatment. Current AR diagnosis relies on skin prick testing (SPT) and serum IgE quantification, both of which are complex. This study aimed to develop a symptom-based model for early AR detection, explore allergen-symptom relationships, and evaluate its performance.

Material and Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted at Wuhan Tongji Hospital between June 2024 and October 2024, enrolling 1150 patients with clinically suspected AR. Participants completed a visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire evaluating nasal symptoms (itching, congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea), ocular symptoms, and overall discomfort, and the final diagnosis of AR was confirmed by SPT.

Intranasal delivery of bryostatin-1 using surface charge-engineered lipid nanoparticles to modulate mucosal defense for allergic rhinitis treatment

Li, J., Morita, N., Miura, R. et al.  Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-43174-8

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis (AR), driven by immune imbalance and excessive IgE production, manifests with symptoms that significantly impair the patient’s quality of life. Current therapies mainly provide symptomatic relief without correcting the underlying immune dysregulation. Bryostatin-1 (bryo-1) is a promising candidate for the causal treatment of AR. It potently inhibits IgE-mediated allergic responses while enhancing nasal mucosal defense through the selective induction of IgA antibodies upon intranasal administration. However, the intranasal delivery of bryo-1 faces challenges, including high cost, chemical instability, and limited permeability across the nasal mucosal barrier. In this study, bryo-1 was incorporated with liposomes with varying surface charges. 

Schematic illustration of bryostatin-1-mediated

selective class-switching to IgA, which can prevent

allergic responses and enhance mucosal defense

against antigens.

These LNPs exhibited stronger interactions with antigen-presenting cells and enhanced cellular uptake and delivery efficiency of bryo-1 in vitro. Notably, anionic LNPs achieved superior bryo-1 delivery to B cells, selectively promoting IgA class switching while suppressing IgE expression.

Olopatadine plus mometasone for seasonal allergic rhinitis treatment: A pooled analysis of clinical trials

Nakanishi M, Carbone LFB, Aggarwal V t al. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2026 Apr 14;92(4):101817. doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2026.101817. 

Highlights

• First pooled analysis of Olopatadine/Mometasone FDC.

• Reinforces significant improvements compared to mometasone and olopatadine.

• Compiled safety data demonstrate low AEs and high adherence to treatment.

Abstract

Objective

This study was conducted to analyze the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of olopatadine HCl (antihistamine) and mometasone furoate (corticosteroid) (Olo/Mom, GSP301) for the treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR).

Methods

Efficacy data from one phase II (NCT02318303 [GSP301-201]) and two pivotal phase III double-blind, randomized, active, placebo-controlled (NCT02631551 [GSP301-301] and NCT02870205 [GSP301-304]) clinical trials were collated and analyzed. These studies investigated Olo/Mom (administered twice daily/BID) compared with placebo and its monotherapy constituents for the treatment of SAR in patients aged ≥12-years.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis with allergen immunotherapy in children and adolescents - Adherence, rhinitis severity, and asthma onset

Hedman AM, Lundholm C, Konradsen JR et al. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2026 Apr;37(4):e70304. doi: 10.1111/pai.70304.

Abstract

Background

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been used to reduce symptoms in allergic rhinitis and to prevent asthma onset. Many studies lack level of adherence and standardized endpoints based on international guidelines.

Objective

We aimed to study the long-term outcomes of allergic rhinitis severity and asthma onset by adherence of SLIT to grass and birch allergens in children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis.

Methods

In a population-based register study, we included all children 5–17 years, with initiation of SLIT between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2022. Allergic rhinitis severity and asthma onset were based on diagnosis and treatment. Adherence was measured for one, two, and 3 years and divided into low, moderate, and high and compared to only one prescription (reference).

Lipid metabolic regulation of pathogenic type 2 immunity in the airway

Hiroyuki Yagyu, Masahiro Kiuchi, Kiyoshi Hirahara.  International Immunology, 2026;, dxag015, https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxag015

Abstract

IL-33-mediated activation of innate and adaptive type 2 immune cells.

Immune memory is central to host protection against pathogens and contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Beyond canonical cytokines and antigenic stimuli, metabolic signals have emerged as pivotal regulators of T-cell activation, differentiation, and memory formation. However, the mechanisms by which metabolic and tissue-derived cues imprint pathogenic features on T cells remain poorly understood.

Aesthetic interventions in patients with allergic skin diseases: Risk assessment and evidence-based preventive risk management

 

Yiğit İK, Türsen Ü, Türsen B et al. Clin Dermatol. 2026 Mar 13:S0738-081X(26)00060-X. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2026.03.001. 

Abstract

The use of aesthetic dermatologic procedures in patients with underlying allergic and inflammatory skin diseases is on the rise, but specific safety considerations are often overlooked. Individuals with hypersensitivity to injectables, chronic inducible urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, or hereditary angioedema may face an increased risk of adverse reactions triggered by mechanical trauma, injected substances, or disruption of the skin barrier.

Adverse reactions to local anesthetics are predominantly non-IgE-mediated. Thus, preventive strategies should focus on selecting the appropriate agents and employing proper injection techniques rather than routine pharmacologic prophylaxis. Botulinum toxin, hyaluronic acid fillers, and hyaluronidase can rarely cause immediate or delayed hypersensitivity reactions. This highlights the need for individualized risk assessment and avoidance of reexposure in confirmed cases. For patients with chronic inducible urticaria, aesthetic procedures can act as physical triggers.

Frequency and severity of systemic reactions during beta-lactam skin testing in adults with immediate hypersensitivity allergy

Letón-Cabanillas, P., Noguerado-Mellado, B., Quijada-Morales, P. et al.  Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol (2026). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-026-01032-2

Abstract

Diagnostic workflow for beta-lactam immediate hypersensitivity skin 

testing

Hypersensitivity to beta-lactams (BL) is the most frequent drug allergy, and skin testing (ST) remains the first-line diagnostic tool. Although generally safe, systemic reactions (SR) during ST are a concern. We conducted a 7-year ambispective study (2018–2025) including 216 adults with confirmed immediate hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) to BL, established by positive skin tests (ST) or drug challenge tests (DCT). Among them, 138 (63.9%) had positive ST, predominantly intradermal tests (IDT; 93.5%). Five patients (3.6% of ST-positive; 2.3% of the entire cohort) developed SR during ST, all after IDT following negative skin prick tests (SPT).

Prediction of allergic disease trajectories from birth up to adolescence

Leskien M, Scheerer M, Thiering E e al. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2026 Apr;37(4):e70341. doi: 10.1111/pai.70341.

Abstract

Background

Allergic diseases often develop jointly during early childhood. Potential disease trajectories and relevant early-life factors have been described, yet existing prediction approaches mostly focus on single allergic diseases cross-sectionally. Models addressing allergic multimorbidity and disease trajectories are lacking. We aim to predict allergic disease trajectories from birth up to adolescence using early-life factors.

Methods

Preceding research using data from 4646 adolescents of the German birth cohorts GINIplus and LISA identified seven allergic disease trajectories up to the age of 15 years. A set of predictors comprising parental and perinatal factors, early allergic or respiratory symptoms, lifestyle and environmental factors was used with an XGBoost machine learning approach to perform multiclass classification. In a subsample (N = 2109), polygenic risk scores (PRS) for asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and any allergy were added to the predictor set.

Results

Sankey Plot illustrating the distributions of observed and predicted
trajectories and their overlaps.

Our approach revealed moderate classification success (multiclass area under the curve (AUC) = 0.69). A macro-averaged sensitivity of 0.26 and specificity of 0.89 were obtained. The most important predictors were early-life skin rash, respiratory symptoms, and air pollution.