Type 2 Inflammation in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Presentation, Role, and Management

Makris M, Papapostolou N, Koumprentziotis IA, Gregoriou S. J Inflamm Res. 2026;19:546295 https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S546295

Proposed integration of type 2 inflammation, autoimmune endotypes, and neuroimmune signaling in chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Abstract: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a heterogeneous inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent wheals, angioedema, and pruritus, with substantial effects on quality of life. Although mast-cell activation remains the central effector event, increasing evidence implicates type 2 inflammatory pathways in CSU and suggests that the disease shares biological features with established type 2 inflammatory disorders, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, chronic prurigo, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Lonvoguran Ziclumeran - In Vivo CRISPR Gene Editing in Hereditary Angioedema

Cohn DM, Gurugama P, Longhurst HJet al. N Engl J Med. 2026 Oct 15;395(15):1471-1482. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2600931. 

Abstract

Background

Hereditary angioedema is a rare and potentially life-threatening genetic condition characterized by recurrent and debilitating swelling attacks. Lonvoguran ziclumeran (lonvo-z) — an investigational, in vivo gene-editing treatment based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) — is being developed as a single-dose treatment for hereditary angioedema.

Methods

In a phase 3, double-blind trial, we randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, patients who were 16 years of age or older and had hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency to receive a single intravenous infusion of lonvo-z (at a dose of 50 mg) or placebo. The primary end point was the number of investigator-confirmed hereditary angioedema attacks per month (the monthly attack rate) from week 5 through week 28 after infusion.

Results

Research Summary

A total of 80 patients underwent randomization; 52 were assigned to receive lonvo-z and 28 to receive placebo. As of February 10, 2026, the median duration of follow-up was 7.5 months (range, 4.9 to 12.8).

Real-world safety and clinical outcomes of cluster subcutaneous immunotherapy with olive pollen extracts, with or without grass pollen, in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma

Alcántara-Villar, M., Martín-Casañez, E., Rodríguez, M.T.P. et al. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol (2026). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-026-01074-6

Abstract

Background

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment capable of modifying the natural course of IgE-mediated allergic diseases induced by aeroallergens. Cluster schedules for subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) with hypoallergenic depot extracts enable faster dose escalation while maintaining a favorable safety profile. However, specific data on the use of Olea europaea extracts, alone or combined with grass pollen, remain limited, particularly in Mediterranean populations.

Methods

The OLGA study was a multicenter, retrospective, real-world analysis conducted in 16 allergy centers across Spain. Patients with IgE-mediated allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma sensitized to Olea europaea, with or without grass pollen, received SCIT administered according to a cluster schedule.

Feeding characteristics in young children with IgE-mediated food allergies: A cross-sectional observational study

Kefford J, Ward EC, Packer RL, et al.  Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2026; 37:e70508. doi:10.1111/pai.70508

Abstract

Background

Research is limited regarding the intersection between Immunoglobulin-E (IgE)-mediated food allergies and paediatric feeding Disorder (PFD). The impact on caregivers managing a child with both conditions also remains poorly understood.

Objective

This study aimed to explore feeding characteristics in young children with IgE-mediated food allergies to identify the proportion of children who may be at risk of PFD, and to examine associations between risk of PFD and caregiver-reported stress and feeding-related quality of life.

Graphical Abstract

Methods

A cross-sectional cohort (N = 107) of caregivers of children aged 0;6–4;11 years, with at least one diagnosed IgE-mediated food allergy, was recruited from three paediatric allergy clinics. Validated caregiver-reported questionnaires were used to assess feeding behaviours, caregiver stress and feeding-related quality of life.

Comparison between as-needed versus regular treatment for allergic rhinitis: Protocol for a systematic review

Catarina Ferreira, Vítor Henrique Duarte, Nicky Akbarian et al. Allergologie select. 2026; 10: 296-302. doi: 10.5414/ALX02654E.

Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) impairs quality of life. While most trials assess regular regimen medication use, mobile-Health (mHealth) data suggest that most patients use treatments on an as-needed basis.

Objectives: Protocol for a systematic review comparing as-needed versus regular AR treatment regimens regarding efficacy and safety.

Materials and methods: We will conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials involving patients of any age with perennial or seasonal AR.

Trial of a Maternal Diet Rich in Eggs and Peanuts to Reduce Infant Allergy

Palmer DJ, Campbell DE, Nanan R et al.  N Engl J Med. 2026 Sep 17;395(11):1090-1099. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2605659.

Abstract

Background

Immune responses leading to food allergy may develop early in life, potentially before the introduction of solid foods. Exposures to food allergens in utero and through breast milk have been proposed as a strategy to prevent food allergies in infants, but evidence from randomized trials is lacking.

Methods

In this multisite, randomized trial, pregnant women whose unborn child had at least two biologic family members with medically diagnosed allergic disease were eligible to participate. Participants were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to follow either a diet high in eggs and peanuts that included at least 6 eggs and 60 peanuts per week (high egg–peanut group) or a standard (control) egg and peanut diet that included no more than 3 eggs and 30 peanuts per week (standard-diet group), from before 23 weeks’ gestation until 4 months postnatally during lactation. The primary outcome was IgE-mediated egg or peanut allergy in the infant at 1 year of age.

Results

A total of 1070 participants were assigned to the high egg–peanut group, and 1067 were assigned to the standard-diet group.

Gaps in Current Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) Management

Angèle Soria. British Journal of Dermatology, 2026  https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljag389

Abstract

Graphical Abstract

Despite advances in therapy, chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) remains a challenging disease with a significant impact. Although antihistamines, anti-IgE therapy and immunosuppressants form the basis of treatment, there are still substantial gaps in diagnosis, endotyping, prediction of therapeutic response and implementation of international guidelines.

Newly licensed CSU therapeutic agents, such as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors and anti-interleukin-4 receptor alpha (anti-IL4Rα) agents, offer hope to patients who do not respond to treatment.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Effectiveness Among US Older Adults, 2023-2024 Season

Lu Y, Smith ER, McEvoy R, et al.  JAMA Netw Open. 2026;9(9):e2634788. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.34788

Key Points

Question  What is the estimated effectiveness of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines against RSV-related hospitalization and death among US adults 65 years or older?

Forest Plot of Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) Estimates and Respiratory
Syncytial Virus (RSV)–Related Death Outcomes

Findings  In this cohort study of 14 819 226 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, both the RSVPreF3+AS01 and RSVpreF RSV vaccines provided substantial protection against RSV-related hospitalization (81.8%) and death (85.0%) during the 2023-2024 season. Effectiveness did not change significantly with age and was also substantial among immunocompromised individuals.

Meaning  This study suggests that both RSV vaccines provided substantial protection among US older adults across all ages 65 years or older and for immunocompromised individuals.

Abstract

Importance  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a substantial number of hospitalizations and deaths among older adults. Two RSV vaccines for individuals aged 60 years or older were approved in 2023; it was important to monitor their clinical effectiveness during routine care in the first RSV season after regulatory approval.