Front. Immunol., 23 September 2013 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00295
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase expressed in phagocytes is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that generates superoxide (O2.−). This radical is an important precursor of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other reactive oxygen species needed for microbicidal activity during innate immune responses. Inherited defects in NADPH oxidase give rise to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections and granulomatous inflammation. Interestingly, CGD, CGD carrier status, and oxidase gene polymorphisms have all been associated with autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders, suggesting a potential role for NADPH oxidase in regulating adaptive immune responses. Here, NADPH oxidase function in antigen processing and presentation is reviewed. NADPH oxidase influences dendritic cell (DC) crosspresentation by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules through regulation of the phagosomal microenvironment, while in B lymphocytes, NADPH oxidase alters epitope selection by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules.
Keywords: NADPH oxidase, B lymphocytes, chronic granulomatous disease, autoimmunity, antigen presentation
Citation: Gardiner GJ, Deffit SN, McLetchie S, Pérez L, Walline CC and Blum JS (2013) A role for NADPH oxidase in antigen presentation. Front. Immunol. 4:295. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00295
Received: 26 July 2013; Accepted: 07 September 2013;
Published online: 23 September 2013.
Published online: 23 September 2013.
Edited by:
Laura Santambrogio, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
Reviewed by:
Stephanie Hugues, Université de Genève, SwitzerlandPeter Cresswell, Yale University Medical Center, USA
Copyright: © 2013 Gardiner, Deffit, McLetchie, Pérez, Walline and Blum. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Janice S. Blum, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 420, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA e-mail: jblum@iupui.ed
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