Review
(1)
Department of Oral Mucosa Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
(2)
Institute of Human Genetics in Poznan, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
(3)
Division Biology of Civilization Diseases, Department of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Received: 31 May 2013Accepted: 28 October 2013Published online: 12 November 2013
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS; recurrent aphthous ulcers; canker sores) belongs to the group of chronic, inflammatory, ulcerative diseases of the oral mucosa. Up to now, the etiopathogenesis of this condition remains unclear; it is, however, considered to be multifactorial. The results of currently performed studies indicate that genetically mediated disturbances of the innate and acquired immunity play an important role in the disease development. Factors that modify the immunologic response in RAS include: food allergies, vitamin and microelement deficiencies, hormonal and gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis), some viral and bacterial infections, mechanical injuries and stress. In this paper, we presented the main etiopathogenetic factors of RAS with a special emphasis on the mechanisms of the immune response modification. Moreover, we discussed the crucial clinical symptoms and types of RAS together with epidemiologic data based on the current medical literature reports and our own observations.
Keywords
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis Etiopathogenesis Immunologic factors Cytokines
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