Role of airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in pathogenesis of asthma

Allergology International

Volume 67, Issue 1, January 2018, Pages 12-17

Yasuhiro GonCorrespondence information about the author Yasuhiro GonEmail the author Yasuhiro Gon

,  Shu Hashimoto

Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Open Access

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Abstract

Bronchial asthma is characterized by persistent cough, increased sputum, and repeated wheezing. The pathophysiology underlying these symptoms is the hyper-responsiveness of the airway along with chronic airway inflammation. Repeated injury, repair, and regeneration of the airway epithelium following exposure to environmental factors and inflammation results in histological changes and functional abnormalities in the airway mucosal epithelium; such changes are believed to have a significant association with the pathophysiology of asthma. Damage to the barrier functions of the airway epithelium enhances mucosal permeability of foreign substances in the airway epithelium of patients with asthma. Thus, epithelial barrier fragility is closely involved in releasing epithelial cytokines (e.g., TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33) because of the activation of airway epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and innate group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). Functional abnormalities of the airway epithelial cells along with the activation of dendritic cells, Th2 cells, and ILC2 form a single immunopathological unit that is considered to cause allergic airway inflammation. Here we use the latest published literature to discuss the potential pathological mechanisms regarding the onset and progressive severity of asthma with regard to the disruption of the airway epithelial function.

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Profile of dupilumab and its potential in the treatment of inadequately controlled moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis

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Authors Awosika O, Kim L, Mazhar M, Rengifo-Pardo M, Ehrlich A

Published 24 January 2018 Volume 2018:11 Pages 41—49

DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S123329

Olabola Awosika,¹ Lori Kim,² Momina Mazhar,² Monica Rengifo-Pardo,^1,2 Alison Ehrlich<sup>1,2

1</sup>Department of Dermatology, The George Washington Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC, USA; ²George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA

Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder that manifests as eczematous lesions, often associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma.

Evaluation of Potential Continuation Rules for Mepolizumab Treatment of Severe Eosinophilic Asthma

Necdet B. Gunsoy, PhDCorrespondence information about the author PhD Necdet B. GunsoyEmail the author PhD Necdet B. Gunsoy

, 

Sarah M. Cockle, PhD

, 

Steven W. Yancey, MSc

, 

Oliver N. Keene, MSc

, 

Eric S. Bradford, MD

, 

Frank C. Albers, PhD

, 

Ian D. Pavord, FMedSci

Open Access

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2017.11.026

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Background

Mepolizumab significantly reduces exacerbations in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. The early identification of patients likely to receive long-term benefit from treatment could ensure effective resource allocation.

Objective

To assess potential continuation rules for mepolizumab in addition to initiation criteria defined as 2 or more exacerbations in the previous year and blood eosinophil counts of 150 cells/μL or more at initiation or 300 cells/μL or more in the previous year.

Association of Disease Severity With Skin Microbiome and Filaggrin Gene Mutations in Adult Atopic Dermatitis

Maja-Lisa Clausen, MD¹; Tove Agner, DMSc¹; Berit Lilje, PhD²; et al

Sofie M. Edslev, MSc²; Thor Bech Johannesen, MSc²; Paal Skytt Andersen, PhD^2,3

Author Affiliations Article Information

JAMA Dermatol. Published online January 17, 2018. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.5440

Key Points

Question  Is the skin microbiome in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) associated with disease severity and filaggrin gene mutations?

Findings  In this case-control study, bacterial diversity (alpha diversity) of the skin microbiome in patients with AD was inversely correlated with disease severity for both lesional and nonlesional skin. Skin microbiome composition (beta diversity) in nonlesional skin of patients with AD was linked to the presence of filaggrin gene mutations.

Meaning  The findings of this study suggest that the severity of AD influences the skin microbiome globally, even in nonlesional skin. Furthermore, our findings propose a possible association between skin microbiome and host genetics.

The role of the gut microbiome in systemic inflammatory disease

State of the Art ReviewBMJ 2018; 360 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j5145 (Published 08 January 2018)Cite this as:  BMJ 2018;360:j51452018;360:j5145

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1. 1. 
      
2. 1. Jose C Clemente, assistant professor1,
   2. Julia Manasson, medical doctor2,
   3. Jose U Scher, assistant professor2

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ABSTRACT

The role of the gut microbiome in models of inflammatory and autoimmune disease is now well characterized. Renewed interest in the human microbiome and its metabolites, as well as notable advances in host mucosal immunology, has opened multiple avenues of research to potentially modulate inflammatory responses.

Examining the association between maternal atopy and birth outcomes using a retrospective cohort in the southeastern region of the USA

Public health

Abstract

Objective To assess birth outcomes in primiparous women with diagnosis of non-asthmatic atopy (NAA). Researchers hypothesised that women with NAA would have reduced the risk of adverse birth outcomes compared with women without NAA. NAA is defined as having allergic rhinitis and/or atopic dermatitis.

Setting Women were mostly treated in primary care settings in South Carolina, USA.

Reference values for spirometry in elderly individuals: a cross-sectional study of different reference equations

Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine

Original research article

Open Access

• Joana BeloEmail author,
• Teresa Palmeiro,
• Iolanda Caires,
• Ana L. Papoila,
• Marta Alves,
• Pedro Carreiro-Martins,
• Maria A. Botelho and
• Nuno Neuparth

Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine201813:4

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40248-017-0112-5

Abstract

Background

Spirometry is the single most important test for the evaluation of respiratory function. The results are interpreted by comparing measured data with predicted values previously obtained from a reference population. Reference equations for spirometry have been discussed previously.

The Diagnostic Accuracy of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Testing in Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses

Zhen Wang, PhD

, 

Paolo T. Pianosi, MD

, 

Karina A. Keogh, MD

, 

Feras Zaiem, MD

, 

Mouaz Alsawas, MD, MSc

, 

Fares Alahdab, MD

, 

Jehad Almasri, MD

, 

Khaled Mohammed, MBBCh

, 

Laura Larrea-Mantilla, MD

, 

Wigdan Farah, MBBS

, 

Lubna Daraz, PhD

, 

Patricia Barrionuevo, MD

, 

Allison S. Morrow, BA

, 

Larry J. Prokop, MLS

, 

Mohammad Hassan Murad, MD, MPHCorrespondence information about the author MD, MPH Mohammad Hassan MuradEmail the author MD, MPH Mohammad Hassan Murad

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.11.012

                                                         Article Info

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Article Outline

1. Methods
   1. Data Sources and Searches
   2. Study Selection
   3. Data Extraction and Quality Assessment
   4. Main Outcome Measures
   5. Data Synthesis and Analysis
   6. Grading the Quality of Evidence (ie, Certainty in Estimates)
2. Results
   1. Description of the Evidence
   2. Diagnostic Accuracy of FeNO Testing
   3. Subgroup and Sensitivity Analyses
3. Discussion
4. Conclusion
5. Acknowledgments
6. Supplemental Online Material
7. References

Jump to SectionMethods  Data Sources and Searches  Study Selection  Data Extraction and Quality Assessment  Main Outcome Measures  Data Synthesis and Analysis  Grading the Quality of Evidence (ie, Certainty in Estimates)Results  Description of the Evidence  Diagnostic Accuracy of FeNO Testing  Subgroup and Sensitivity AnalysesDiscussionConclusionAcknowledgmentsSupplemental Online MaterialReferences

Effect of air quality alerts on human health: a regression discontinuity analysis in Toronto, Canada

Volume 2, No. 1, e19–e26, January 2018

Open Access

Hong Chen, Qiongsi Li, MMath, Jay S Kaufman, PhD, Jun Wang, MSc, Ray Copes, MD, Yushan Su, PhD, Tarik Benmarhnia, PhD

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30185-7

Summary
Background
Ambient air pollution is a major health risk globally. To reduce adverse health effects on days when air pollution is high, government agencies worldwide have implemented air quality alert programmes. Despite their widespread use, little is known about whether these programmes produce any observable public-health benefits. We assessed the effectiveness of such programmes using a quasi-experimental approach.

Recovery of hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression during treatment with inhaled corticosteroids for childhood asthma

Authors Gangadharan A, McCoy P, Phyo A, McGuigan MP, Dharmaraj P, Ramakrishnan R, McNamara PS, Blair J

Published 15 December 2017 Journal of Asthma and Allergy Volume 2017:10 Pages 317—326

DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S142874

Objective: To describe recovery of adrenal insufficiency in asthmatic children treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and cortisol replacement therapy.