Are peanut oral food challenges still useful? An evaluation of children with suspected peanut allergy, sensitization to Ara h 2 and controlled asthma

• Research
• Open Access
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• Iida Ojaniemi, 
• Susanna Salmivesi, 
• Antti Tikkakoski, 
• Jussi Karjalainen, 
• Lauri Lehtimäki & 
• Rüdiger Schultz 

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology volume 18, Article number: 100 (2022) 

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Abstract

Background

Sensitization to Ara h 2 has been proposed as a promising biological marker for the severity of peanut allergy and may reduce the need for oral food challenges. This study aimed to evaluate whether peanut oral food challenge is still a useful diagnostic tool for children with suspected peanut allergy and an elevated level of Ara h 2-specific IgE. Additionally, we assessed whether well-controlled asthma is an additional risk for severe reactions.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 107 children with sensitization to Ara h 2-specific IgE (> 0.35 kU/l) undergoing open peanut challenges during 2012–2018 in the Tampere University Hospital Allergy Centre, Finland.

New Mechanistic Advances in FcεRI-Mast Cell–Mediated Allergic Signaling

Yang Li, 

Patrick S. C. Leung, 

M. Eric Gershwin & 

Junmin Song 

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology volume 63, pages431–446 (2022)

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Abstract

Mast cells originate from the CD34+/CD117+ hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow, migrate into circulation, and ultimately mature and reside in peripheral tissues. Microbiota/metabolites and certain immune cells (e.g., Treg cells) play a key role in maintaining immune tolerance. Cross-linking of allergen-specific IgE on mast cells activates the high-affinity membrane-bound receptor FcεRI, thereby initiating an intracellular signal cascade, leading to degranulation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators.

Management Strategy of Intracranial Complications of Sinusitis: Our Experience and Review of the Literature

Hallak B, Bouayed S, Ghika JA, Teiga PS, Alvarez V. Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2022 Sep 25;13:21526575221125031. doi: 10.1177/21526575221125031.

Abstract

Objective

Sinusitis or rhinosinusitis is a very common disease worldwide, and in some cases, it leads to intracranial complications (ICS). These are more common in immunocompromised patients or with underlying comorbidities, but even healthy individuals, can be affected. Nowadays, ICS have become less common thanks to improved antibiotic therapies, radiological diagnostic methods, surgical techniques and skills. Nonetheless, they can still cause significant morbidity and mortality. For this reason, management of these complications requires a multidisciplinary approach to plan and customize treatment options. This paper presents our strategy in the management of a series of intracranial complications induced by acute sinusitis and compares our experience and outcomes with the literature.

Recent Update in Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2022 Nov;14(6):587-603. English.  https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2022.14.6.587

Mehr Mathew,1 Stephanie Leeds,1 and Anna Nowak-Węgrzyn2,3

Abstract

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), though first reported in the 1970s, remains poorly understood and likely underdiagnosed. It is a non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy syndrome, most commonly identified in infancy and childhood. It can manifest as a constellation of symptoms following food ingestion, including repetitive and projectile emesis (1–4 hours), accompanied by pallor, lethargy, muscular hypotonia, and diarrhea (5–10 hours).

Distinct Endotypes of Pediatric Rhinitis Based on Cluster Analysis

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2022 Nov;14(6):730-741. English.  https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2022.14.6.730

Jin Youp Kim,1,2 Sangjun Lee,3,4 Dong In Suh,5 Dae Woo Kim,6 Hyung-Jin Yoon,2,7,8 Sue K Park,3 Chae-Seo Rhee,9,10,11,12 and Doo Hee Han9

Abstract

Purpose Despite the wide spectrum of pediatric rhinitis, endotyping of rhinitis based on type 2 inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) is lacking. This study aimed to investigate endotypes of pediatric rhinitis using cluster analysis. Methods Cluster analysis was performed on data from 241 children with rhinitis by using 12 variables reflecting clinical characteristics of skin prick, laboratory, and pulmonary function tests. After extracting clusters, between-cluster differences in clinical features, such as nasal symptom scores and asthma comorbidity, were assessed to investigate the association between the endotypes and clinical features.

Cutaneous Manifestations of SARS CoV 2 infection during the Delta and Omicron waves in 348,691 UK users of the UK ZOE COVID Study App

Br J Dermatol. 2022 Jul 22 : 10.1111/bjd.21784.

doi: 10.1111/bjd.21784 [Epub ahead of print]

Alessia Visconti, 1 , # Benjamin Murray, 2 , # Niccolò Rossi, 1 Jonathan Wolf, 3 Sebastien Ourselin, 2 Tim D. Spector, 1 Esther E. Freeman, 4 Veronique Bataille, 1 , 5 , + and Mario Falchi 1 , +

Abstract

Background

Symptoms of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have differed during the different waves of the pandemic, but little is known about how cutaneous manifestations have changed.

Objectives

Investigate the diagnostic value, frequency, and duration of cutaneous manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and explore their variations between the Delta and Omicron waves of the pandemic.

Single-cell immunoprofiling after immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis reveals functional suppression of pathogenic T(H)2 cells and clonal conversion

Iinuma T, Kiuchi M, Hirahara K, Kurita J, Kokubo K, Yagyu H, Yoneda R, Arai T, Sonobe Y, Fukuyo M, Kaneda A, Yonekura S, Nakayama T, Okamoto Y, Hanazawa T. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022 Oct;150(4):850-860.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.06.024.

Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a growing problem worldwide. Currently the only treatment that can modify the disease is antigen-specific immunotherapy, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood.

Objective: We comprehensively investigated the role and changes of antigen-specific T cells before and after sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for Japanese cedar pollinosis.

Methods: We cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained both before and 1 year after initiating SLIT and used a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and repertoire sequencing. To investigate biomarkers, we used cells from patients participating a phase 2/3 trial of SLIT tablets for Japanese cedar pollinosis and cells from outpatients with good and poor response.

As-needed intranasal corticosteroid spray for allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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M.P. Hoang - W. Chitsuthipakorn - K. Seresirikachorn - K. Snidvongs

Background: As-needed intranasal corticosteroid spray (INCS) is commonly used by patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) who have suboptimal symptom control. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of as-needed INCS for treating AR.

Methodology: Systematic searches for randomized controlled trials studying the effects of as-needed INCS compared to regular INCS, as-needed antihistamine, or placebo were performed. Primary outcomes were total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and disease-specific quality of life (DSQoL).

Effect of momethasone furoate combined with loratadine and montelukast sodium on inflammatory factors and pulmonary function in children with allergic rhinitis

Am J Transl Res. 2022; 14(10): 7199–7207.

Weili Dai,1 Ni Zhen,2 Xiaoyan Qin,2 and Jingpeng Cao2

Abstract

Objective: To compare the effects of mometasone furoate in combination with loratadine and montelukast sodium on inflammatory factors and pulmonary function in children with allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 89 children with AR admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to October 2021 were enrolled. Among them, 47 children who received mometasone furoate combined with loratadine were designated group A, while the other 42 with mometasone furoate combined with montelukast sodium were group B.

Real-world data using mHealth apps in rhinitis, rhinosinusitis and their multimorbidities

Original Article - Open Access

Bernardo Sousa-Pinto,Aram Anto,Markus Berger,Stephanie Dramburg,Oliver Pfaar,Ludger Klimek,Marek Jutel,Wienczyslawa Czarlewski,Anna Bedbrook,Arunas Valiulis,Ioana Agache … See all authors

https://doi.org/10.1002/clt2.12208

Abstract

Digital health is an umbrella term which encompasses eHealth and benefits from areas such as advanced computer sciences. eHealth includes mHealth apps, which offer the potential to redesign aspects of healthcare delivery. The capacity of apps to collect large amounts of longitudinal, real-time, real-world data enables the progression of biomedical knowledge. Apps for rhinitis and rhinosinusitis were searched for in the Google Play and Apple App stores, via an automatic market research tool recently developed using JavaScript. Over 1500 apps for allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis were identified, some dealing with multimorbidity. However, only six apps for rhinitis (AirRater, AllergyMonitor, AllerSearch, Husteblume, MASK-air and Pollen App) and one for rhinosinusitis (Galenus Health) have so far published results in the scientific literature.

Preclinical development of a long-acting trivalent bispecific nanobody targeting IL-5 for the treatment of eosinophilic asthma

• Research
• Open Access
• 
  

• Linlin Ma, 
• Min Zhu, 
• Guanghui Li, 
• Junwei Gai, 
• Yanfei Li, 
• Huaiyu Gu, 
• Peng Qiao, 
• Xiaofei Li, 
• Weiwei Ji, 
• Rui Zhao, 
• Yue Wu & 
• Yakun Wan 

Respiratory Research volume 23, Article number: 316 (2022) 

Abstract

Background

Eosinophilic asthma is a common subtype of severe asthma with high morbidity and mortality. The cytokine IL-5 has been shown to be a key driver of the development and progression of disease. Although approved monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting IL-5/IL-5R have shown good safety and efficacy, some patients have inadequate responses and frequent dosing results in medication nonadherence.

Impact of high-risk of obstructive sleep apnea on chronic cough: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

• Research
• Open Access
• 
  

• Tae Hoon Kim, 
• I Re Heo & 
• Ho Cheol Kim 

BMC Pulmonary Medicine volume 22, Article number: 419 (2022) 

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Abstract

Background

Chronic cough is an extremely common clinical symptom of various diseases. However, the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic cough in the general population has not been sufficiently studied.

Methods

Using the 2019 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, we identified a group at high-risk of OSA via the STOP-Bang questionnaire and determined the association between OSA and chronic cough by a regression model.

Patients with allergic asthma have lower risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes than patients with nonallergic asthma

• Research
• Open Access
• 
  

• Thomas R. Murphy, 
• William Busse, 
• Cecile T. J. Holweg, 
• Yamina Rajput, 
• Karina Raimundo, 
• Craig S. Meyer, 
• Arpamas Seetasith, 
• Sachin Gupta, 
• Ahmar Iqbal & 
• Robert J. Kaner 

BMC Pulmonary Medicine volume 22, Article number: 418 (2022) 

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Abstract

Background

Although asthma does not appear to be a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), outcomes could vary for patients with different asthma subtypes. The objective of this analysis was to compare COVID-19 outcomes in real-world cohorts in the United States among patients with asthma, with or without evidence of allergy.

Methods

In a retrospective analysis of the COVID-19 Optum electronic health record dataset (February 20, 2020–January 28, 2021), patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with a history of moderate-to-severe asthma were divided into 2 cohorts: those with evidence of allergic asthma and those without (nonallergic asthma).

Allergen immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of benefits and harms

Open Access

Yepes-Nuñez JJ, Guyatt GH, Gómez-Escobar LG, Pérez-Herrera LC, Chu AWL, Ceccaci R, Acosta-Madiedo AS, Wen A, Moreno-López S, MacDonald M, Barrios M, Chu X, Islam N, Gao Y, Wong MM, Couban R, Garcia E, Chapman E, Oykhman P, Chen L, Winders T, Asiniwasis RN, Boguniewicz M, De Benedetto A, Ellison K, Frazier WT, Greenhawt M, Huynh J, Kim E, LeBovidge J, Lind ML, Lio P, Martin SA, O'Brien M, Ong PY, Silverberg JI, Spergel J, Wang J, Wheeler KE, Schneider L, Chu DK. Allergen immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of benefits and harms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022 Sep 30:S0091-6749(22)01322-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.020.

Abstract

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD, eczema) is driven by a combination of skin barrier defects, immune dysregulation, and extrinsic stimuli such as allergens, irritants, and microbes. The role of environmental allergens (aeroallergens) in triggering AD remains unclear.