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J Allergy (Cairo). 2013; 2013: 672381.

Published online 2013 January 31. doi:  10.1155/2013/672381

PMCID: PMC3574757

An Important Role of Blood and Lymphatic Vessels in Inflammation and Allergy

Silvana Zgraggen, Alexandra M. Ochsenbein, and Michael Detmar^*

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Abstract

Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from preexisting ones, have received increasing interest due to their role in tumor growth and metastatic spread. However, vascular remodeling, associated with vascular hyperpermeability, is also a key feature of many chronic inflammatory diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The major drivers of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-)A and VEGF-C, activating specific VEGF receptors on the lymphatic and blood vascular endothelium. Recent experimental studies found potent anti-inflammatory responses after targeted inhibition of activated blood vessels in models of chronic inflammatory diseases. Importantly, our recent results indicate that specific activation of lymphatic vessels reduces both acute and chronic skin inflammation. Thus, antiangiogenic and prolymphangiogenic therapies might represent a new approach to treat chronic inflammatory disorders, including those due to chronic allergic inflammation.

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Mast Cells and IgE: From History to Today

REVIEW ARTICLE

Mast Cells and IgE: From History to Today

doi:10.2332/allergolint.13-RAI-0537

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Hirohisa Saito, Teruko Ishizaka and Kimishige Ishizaka [About this authors]

ABSTRACT
Role of mast cells in allergy had remained undetermined until the discovery of IgE in 1966. Then, IgE purified from many Liters of plasma, which had been donated from a patient with fatal myeloma, was distributed to researchers all over the world, and thus accelerated exploring the mechanisms involved in allergic reactions, particularly about the role of mast cells and basophils in the IgE-mediated reactions. Identification of mast cells as a progeny of a bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell in 1977 led us to successful in vitroculture of human mast cells. Along with the development of molecular biological techniques, the structure of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) was determined in 1989. These findings and subsequent investigations brought deeper understanding of IgE-mediated allergic diseases in the past half century, especially where mast cells are involved. We have now even obtained the information about whole genome expression of FcεRI-dependently activated mast cells. In sharp contrast to our comprehension of allergic diseases where IgE and mast cells are involved, the mechanisms involved in non-IgE-mediated allergic diseases or non-IgE-mediated phase of IgE-mediated diseases are almost left unsolved and are waiting for devoted investigators to reveal it.

KEY WORDS:basophils, FcεRI, hematopoietic stem cells, histamine, mast cells

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Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT): dissemination and applications in primary care

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Discussion Paper

Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT): dissemination and applications in primary care

Pedro Azevedo¹, Jaime Correia de Sousa², Jean Bousquet³, António Bugalho-Almeida⁴, Stefano R Del Giacco⁵, Pascal Demoly⁶, Tari Haahtela⁷, Tiago Jacinto⁸, Vanessa Garcia-Larsen⁹, Thys van der Molen¹⁰, Mário Morais-Almeida¹¹, Luis Nogueira-Silva¹², Ana M Pereira¹³, Miguel Román Rodríguez¹⁴, Bárbara G Silva¹⁵, Ioanna G Tsiligianni¹⁶, Hakan Yaman¹⁷, Barbara Yawn¹⁸, ^*João A Fonseca¹⁹, in collaboration with the WHO Collaborative Center for Asthma and Rhinitis, Montpellier

Abstract
Asthma frequently occurs in association with allergic rhinitis and a combined management approach has been suggested. The Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) is the first questionnaire to assess control of both diseases concurrently. However, to have an impact on healthcare it needs to be disseminated and adopted. In this paper we discuss the dissemination of CARAT in different countries and its possible applications in primary care. At present, the adaptation of CARAT for use in different languages and cultures is being led by volunteer researchers and clinicians in 15 countries. Website and smartphone applications have been developed, and a free open model of distribution was adopted to contribute to the dissemination of CARAT. Examples of dissemination activities include distribution of leaflets and posters, educational sessions on the use of the questionnaire in the follow-up of patients, development of clinical studies, collaborations with professional organisations and health authorities, and the inclusion of CARAT in clinical guidelines. The adoption of innovations is an important challenge in healthcare today, and research on the degree of success of dissemination strategies using suitable methods and metrics is much needed. We propose that CARAT can be used in a range of settings and circumstances in primary care for clinical, research and audit purposes, within the overall aim of increasing awareness of the level of disease control and strengthening the partnership between patients and doctors in the management of asthma and rhinitis. 

Cite as: Azevedo P, Correia de Sousa J, Bousquet J, Bugalho-Almeida A, Del Giacco SR, Demoly P, Haahtela T, Jacinto T, Garcia-Larsen V, van der Molen T, Morais-Almeida M, Nogueira-Silva L, Pereira AM, Rodríguez MR, Silva BG, Tsiligianni IG, Yaman H, Yawn B, Fonseca JA, in collaboration with the WHO Collaborative Center for Asthma and Rhinitis, Montpellier. Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT): dissemination and applications in primary care. Prim Care Respir J 2013; Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4104/pcrj.2013.00012

Keywords
Asthma, rhinitis, control, questionnaire, dissemination, cultural adaptation

* Corresponding author. João A Fonseca Tel: +351914767661 Fax: +351914767661 Email:fonseca.ja@gmail.com

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Asthma in Mexican school-age children is not associated with passive smoking or obesity

Original Article  Open Access

|  | Full Text    |    Asia Pac Allergy. 2013 Jan;3(1):42-49. English. Published online 2013 Jan 22.  http://dx.doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.2013.3.1.42  Copyright © 2013. Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology. Asthma in Mexican school-age children is not associated with passive smoking or obesity Martín Bedolla-Barajas,1 Ana T. Barrera-Zepeda,2 Juan B. López-Zaldo,3 and Jaime Morales-Romero4 1Allergy and Clinical Immunology Service, Division of Internal Medicine, The "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico. 2The Hospital Regional of Ciudad Guzman, Ministry of Health, Ciudad Guzman, Jalisco 49120, Mexico. 3Medical Intern, Southern Region University Center, University of Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzman, Jalisco 49000, Mexico. 4The Public Health Institute, University of Veracruz, Xalapa, Veracruz 91190, Mexico.  Correspondence: Martín Bedolla-Barajas. 2330-301 Eulogio Parra, Col. Las Américas, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44650, México. Tel: +52-33-33-42-89-16, Fax: +52-33-33-42-89-16, Email: drmbedbar@gmail.com  Received February 07, 2012; Accepted December 26, 2012. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Diagnosis of food allergies: the impact of oral food challenge testing

Educational & Teaching Material  Open Access

|  | Full Text    |    Asia Pac Allergy. 2013 Jan;3(1):59-69. English. Published online 2013 Jan 22.  http://dx.doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.2013.3.1.59  Copyright © 2013. Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology. Diagnosis of food allergies: the impact of oral food challenge testing Komei Ito Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi 474-8710, Japan.  Correspondence: Komei Ito. Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, 1-2 Osakada, Morioka, Obu-city, Aichi 474-8710, Japan. Tel: +81-562-43-0500, Fax: +81-562-43-0513, Email:koumei_itoh@mx.achmc.pref.aichi.jp  Received December 13, 2012; Accepted December 16, 2012. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Allergies in Asia: are we facing an allergy epidemic?

Editorial  Open Access

|  | Full Text    |    Asia Pac Allergy. 2013 Jan;3(1):1-2. English. Published online 2013 Jan 30.  http://dx.doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.2013.3.1.1  Copyright © 2013. Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology. Allergies in Asia: are we facing an allergy epidemic? Meera Thalayasingam,1 and Bee Wah Lee1,2 1Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore. 2Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.  Correspondence: Bee Wah Lee. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, National University Hospital, Level 12, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore. Fax: +65-67797486, Tel: +65-67724411, Email: bee_wah_lee@nuhs.edu.sg  Received January 10, 2013. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Research

Sputum mediator profiling and relationship to airway wall geometry imaging in severe asthma

Dhananjay Desai, Sumit Gupta, Salman Siddiqui, Amisha Singapuri, William Monteiro, James Entwisle, Sudha Visvanathan, Harsukh Parmar, Radhika Kajekar and Christopher C Brightling

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Respiratory Research 2013, 14:17 doi:10.1186/1465-9921-14-17

Published: 11 February 2013

Abstract (provisional)

Background

Severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease and the relationship between airway inflammation and airway remodelling is poorly understood. We sought to define sputum mediator profiles in severe asthmatics categorised by CT-determined airway geometry and sputum differential cell counts.

Methods

In a single centre cross-sectional observational study we recruited 59 subjects with severe asthma that underwent sputum induction and thoracic CT. Quantitative CT analysis of the apical segment of the right upper lobe (RB1) was performed. Forty-one mediators in sputum samples were measured of which 21 mediators that were assessable in >50% of samples were included in the analyses.

Results

Independent of airway geometry, sputum MMP9 and IL-1beta were elevated in those groups with a high sputum neutrophil count while sputum ICAM was elevated in those subjects with a low sputum neutrophil count. In contrast, sputum CCL11, IL-1alpha and fibrinogen were different in groups stratified by both sputum neutrophil count and airway geometry. Sputum CCL11 concentration was elevated in subjects with a low sputum neutrophil count and high luminal and total RB1 area, whereas sputum IL1alpha was increased in subjects with a high sputum neutrophil count and low total RB1 area. Sputum fibrinogen was elevated in those subjects with RB1 luminal narrowing and in those subjects with neutrophilic inflammation without luminal narrowing.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated that sputum mediator profiling reveals a number of associations with airway geometry. Whether these findings reflect important biological phenotypes that might inform stratified medicine approaches requires further investigation.

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