The Clinical Usefulness of IgE Antibodies Against Egg White and Its Components in Korean Children

Original Article  Open Access

|    Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2013 May;5(3):138-142. English. Published online 2013 March 07.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4168/aair.2013.5.3.138  Copyright © 2013 The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology • The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease The Clinical Usefulness of IgE Antibodies Against Egg White and Its Components in Korean Children Taek Ki Min, You Hoon Jeon, Hyeon Jong Yang and Bok Yang Pyun Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Center, Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.  Correspondence to: Bok Yang Pyun, MD, PhD, Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Center, Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 22 Daesagwan-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-743, Korea. Tel: +82-2-709-9339; Fax: +82-2-794-5471; Email: bypyun@schmc.ac.kr  Received July 11, 2012; Revised September 28, 2012; Accepted October 23, 2012. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  This article has been cited by 1 article in    This article has been cited by 1 article in  KoMCI Abstract Purpose Egg (egg white) allergies are among the most common food allergies in infants and young children. Serum egg white-specific IgE (sIgE) levels have been shown to be correlated with clinical symptoms, and the predictive decision point of sIgE levels has been proposed and used widely in the clinical setting. However, some patients whose sIgE levels to egg white are higher than the predictive decision point value show no clinical symptoms, and vice versa. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical usefulness of sIgE antibodies to egg white and its components in the diagnosis of egg allergies. Methods Forty-one patients younger than 2 years of age with no experience of egg intake due to concerns regarding allergies or a non-specific clinical response to eggs were enrolled. Total IgE levels and the levels of IgE antibodies specific for egg white and its components (ovomucoid, ovalbumin, and conalbumin) were measured by ImmunoCAP testing. The clinical response of the subjects was confirmed by an open oral food challenge (OFC). Results Fifteen (71.4%) out of 21 patients in the egg white-sIgE ≥2 kU/L group showed a positive response, while 10 (50.0%) out of 20 patients in the egg white-sIgE <2 a="" addition="" against="" an="" analysis.="" and="" antibodies="" based="" between="" components="" differences="" egg="" group="" groups.="" in="" intra-group="" its="" ku="" levels="" negative="" no="" of="" ofc.="" ofc="" on="" open="" p="" positive="" response="" showed="" sige="" significant="" statistically="" the="" there="" to="" were="" white=""> Conclusions Our results show that the sensitivity and specificity of the predictive decision point values for egg white-sIgE antibodies by ImmunoCAP were relatively low in Korean children. In addition, no egg white component predicted the clinical reactivity of the subjects. We suggest that the predictive decision point value for a positive egg oral challenge test by ImmunoCAP should be re-evaluated. Moreover, we suggest that careful personal history recording and challenge tests are necessary for the correct diagnosis of an egg allergy. Keywords: Egg hypersensitivity, egg white proteins.

• Int J Biochem Mol Biol >
• v.4(1); 2013 >
• PMC3627069

Int J Biochem Mol Biol. 2013; 4(1): 67–74.

Published online 2013 March 31.

PMCID: PMC3627069

Identification and association of TGFβ-1 expression in patients with asthma in a Polish population - Lodz metropolitan area study

Michał Panek,¹ Tadeusz Pietras,² Janusz Szemraj,³ Artur Fabijan,¹ and Piotr Kuna¹

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Abstract

Objective: Interaction of genotype and environment results in a specific phenotype of the clinical course of asthma. TGFβ-1 gene belongs to the important group of genes involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration of a variety of cell types. TGFβ-1 is inhibitory for B and T cells, as well as IgE production. In particular, it is engaged in inflammation of the bronchi and airway remodeling in asthma, which processes are critical in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the level of expression of TGFβ-1 and the severity of asthma. Methods: The study included 39 participants (20 healthy subjects and 19 patients with asthma). Each sample was analysed by using real time PCR. Results: There was statistical associations between the control group and the group of patients (p = 0,00007). It was demonstrated strong correlation between healthy and patients with severe asthma according GINA guidelines (p = 0,017). It was found the strong statistical correlation between healthy and patients with severe corticosteroid dependent asthma (p = 0,013). Correlations were observed between levels of asthma severity according to the ATS guidelines and controls. The influence of the level of TGFβ-1 mRNA expression and the severity of asthma (ATS) in the FEV1 (%) parameter value was found. Conclusion: It was found that an important role is played by TGFβ-1 in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Keywords: Asthma, inflammation, airway obstruction, transforming growth factor β-1, T regulatory cells

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Research

Anti-inflammatory effects of clarithromycin in ventilator-induced lung injury

Laura Amado-Rodríguez, Adrián González-López, Inés López-Alonso, Alina Aguirre, Aurora Astudillo, Estefanía Batalla-Solís, Jorge Blazquez-Prieto, Emilio García-Prieto and Guillermo M Albaiceta

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Respiratory Research 2013, 14:52 doi:10.1186/1465-9921-14-52

Published: 10 May 2013

Abstract (provisional)

Background

Mechanical ventilation can promote lung injury by triggering a pro-inflammatory response. Macrolides may exert some immunomodulatory effects and have shown significant benefits over other antibiotics in ventilated patients. We hypothesized that macrolides could decrease ventilator-induced lung injury.

Methods

Adult mice were treated with vehicle, clarithromycin or levofloxacin, and randomized to receive mechanical ventilation with low (12 cmH2O, PEEP 2 cmH2O) or high (20 cmH2O, ZEEP) inspiratory pressures for 150 minutes. Histological lung injury, neutrophil infiltration, inflammatory mediators (NFkappaB activation, Cxcl2, IL-10) and levels of adhesion molecules (E-selectin, ICAM) and proteases (MMP-9 and MMP-2) were analyzed.

Results

There were no differences among groups after low-pressure ventilation. Clarithromycin significantly decreased lung injury score and neutrophil count, compared to vehicle or levofloxacin, after high-pressure ventilation. Cxcl2 expression and MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels increased and IL-10 decreased after injurious ventilation, with no significant differences among treatment groups. Both clarithromycin and levofloxacin dampened the increase in NFkappaB activation observed in non-treated animals submitted to injurious ventilation. E-selectin levels increased after high pressure ventilation in vehicle- and levofloxacin-treated mice, but not in those receiving clarithromycin.

Conclusions

Clarithromycin ameliorates ventilator-induced lung injury and decreases neutrophil recruitment into the alveolar spaces. This could explain the advantages of macrolides in patients with acute lung injury and mechanical ventilation.

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Research

Maresin-1 reduces the pro-inflammatory response of bronchial epithelial cells to organic dust

Tara M Nordgren, Art J Heires, Todd A Wyatt, Jill A Poole, Tricia D LeVan, D Roselyn Cerutis and Debra J Romberger

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Respiratory Research 2013, 14:51 doi:10.1186/1465-9921-14-51

Published: 10 May 2013

Abstract (provisional)

Background

Exposure to organic dust causes detrimental airway inflammation. Current preventative and therapeutic measures do not adequately treat resulting disease, necessitating novel therapeutic interventions. Recently identified mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibit anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions. We tested the potential of one of these mediators, maresin-1 (MaR1), in reducing organic dust-associated airway inflammation.

Methods

As bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) are pivotal in initiating organic dust-induced inflammation, we investigated the in vitro effects of MaR1 on a human BEC cell line (BEAS-2B). Cells were pretreated for 1 hour with 0--200 nM MaR1, followed by 1--24 hour treatment with 5% hog confinement facility-derived organic dust extract (HDE). Alternatively, a mouse lung slice model was utilized in supportive cytokine studies. Supernatants were harvested and cytokine levels determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Epithelial cell protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms alpha and epsilon, and PKA activities were assessed via radioactivity assays, and NFkappaB and MAPK-related signaling mechanisms were investigated using luciferase vector reporters.

Results

MaR1 dose-dependently reduced IL-6 and IL-8 production following HDE treatment of BECs. MaR1 also reduced HDE-stimulated cytokine release including TNF-alpha in a mouse lung slice model when given before or following HDE treatment. Previous studies have established that HDE sequentially activates epithelial PKCalpha and PKCepsilon at 1 and 6 hours, respectively that regulated TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 release. MaR1 pretreatment abrogated these HDE-induced PKC activities. Furthermore, HDE treatment over a 24-hour period revealed temporal increases in NFkappaB, AP-1, SP-1, and SRE DNA binding activities, using luciferase reporter assays. MaR1 pretreatment did not alter the activation of NFkappaB, AP-1, or SP-1, but did reduce the activation of DNA binding at SRE.

Conclusions

These observations indicate a role for MaR1 in attenuating the pro-inflammatory responses of BECs to organic dust extract, through a mechanism that does not appear to rely on reduced NFkappaB, AP-1, or SP-1-related signaling, but may be mediated partly through SRE-related signaling. These data offer insights for a novel mechanistic action of MaR1 in bronchial epithelial cells, and support future in vivo studies to test MaR1's utility in reducing the deleterious inflammatory effects of environmental dust exposures.

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Efficacy of Anti-Interleukin-5 Therapy with Mepolizumab in Patients with Asthma

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Efficacy of Anti-Interleukin-5 Therapy with Mepolizumab in Patients with Asthma: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials

• Yao Liu,
 
• Song Zhang,
 
• Dao-wei Li,
 
• Shu-juan Jiang ma

Abstract

Background

Interleukin (IL)-5 is believed to be a key cytokine in eosinophil inflammatory infiltration in asthma. Previous clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab, a monoclonal antibody against IL-5, in patients with asthma. However, most of these studies were small, the conclusions were inconsistent, and the precise effects are therefore debatable.

Methods

A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials was conducted to evaluate the effect of intravenous infusion of mepolizumab on clinical outcomes in patients with asthma. Trials were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, reviews, and reference lists of relevant articles. The outcome variables analyzed included eosinophil counts in blood and sputum, airways outcome measures, exacerbations, asthma control, and quality of life scores.

Results

Seven studies met final inclusion criteria (total n = 1131). From the pooled analyses, mepolizumab significantly reduced eosinophils in blood (MD −0.29×10⁹/L, 95% CI −0.44 to −0.14×10⁹/L, P = 0.0001) and sputum (MD −6.05%, 95% CI −9.34 to −2.77%, P = 0.0003). Mepolizumab was also associated with significantly decreased exacerbation risk than placebo (OR 0.30, 95%CI 0.13 to 0.67, P = 0.004), and with a significant improvement in the scores on the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) (MD 0.26, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.49, P = 0.03) in patients with eosinophilic asthma. There were no statistical differences between the groups with respect to FEV₁, PEF, or histamine PC₂₀ (all P>0.05)_, and a non-significant trend for improvement in scores on the Juniper Asthma Control Questionnaire (JACQ) (MD −0.21, 95% CI −0.43 to 0.01, P = 0.06) in the mepolizumab group was observed.

Conclusions

Mepolizumab reduces the risk of exacerbations and improves quality of life in patients with eosinophilic asthma, but no significant improvement in lung function outcomes was observed. Further research is required to establish the possible role of anti–IL-5 as a therapy for asthma.

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Citation: Liu Y, Zhang S, Li D-w, Jiang S-j (2013) Efficacy of Anti-Interleukin-5 Therapy with Mepolizumab in Patients with Asthma: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. PLoS ONE 8(3): e59872. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059872

Editor: Hamid Reza Baradaran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Republic of Islamic)

Received: December 1, 2012; Accepted: February 19, 2013; Published: March 27, 2013

Copyright: © 2013 Liu et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report.

Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Pruritic and Vascular Responses Induced by Serotonin in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and in Healthy Controls

Pruritic and Vascular Responses Induced by Serotonin in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and in Healthy Controls

doi: 10.2340/00015555-1473

Authors:

Aram Rausl, Klas Nordlind, Carl-Fredrik Wahlgren
Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: aram.rasul@ki.se

Abstract:

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with often severe itch. The aim of this study was to determine the pruritogenic and vascular effect of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in patients with AD and in healthy controls. A 50 µg dose of 5-HT was injected intradermally into non-lesional skin of 25 patients with AD and 25 healthy control individuals, and the effect compared with 0.2 µg histamine as a positive control, and buffer as a negative control. Pruritus was recorded by the subjects, using a computerized visual analogue scale, while flare and wheal were recorded by the investigator. There was no qualitative or quantitative difference in 5-HT-induced itch between patients and control subjects, or between males and females. However, reduced flare and wheal were found in the patient group for 5-HT. There were no correlations between clinical findings (i.e. eczema severity, clinical pruritus) and recorded experimental itch, or flare or wheal responses for 5-HT, in the patients with AD. In both groups a shorter itch latency was found for 5-HT compared with histamine. Through the use of intradermal injections, making it possible to calculate the dose of substance delivered, a lower vascular response to 5-HT was shown in patients with AD compared with healthy controls. In addition to confirming a pruritogenic role of 5-HT in both patients with AD and healthy controls, we found a shorter itch latency for 5-HT compared with histamine in both groups. The short itch latency time may indicate a direct effect of 5-HT on itch receptors.

Abstract

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Early nutrition in the prevention of allergic disease: A survey of general paediatricians and dietitians in Atlantic Canada

Home       Collections       Current Issue       Past Issues       Supplements       Submit Manuscript       Calendar       Links          Return to TOC    PDF / Free      Original Article (Online only) May 2013, Volume 18 Issue 5: e 20-e 25   Early nutrition in the prevention of allergic disease: A survey of general paediatricians and dietitians in Atlantic Canada A Haynes, S Leo, ES Chan, R Chafe, LA NewhookBACKGROUND: Recommendations for maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding and the timing for the introduction of commonly allergenic foods are changing. OBJECTIVE: To determine how general paediatricians and dietitians in Atlantic Canada counsel families regarding early nutrition as a means of preventing allergic disease. METHODS: In 2010, a survey was distributed to general paediatricians and dietitians in Atlantic Canada. Results were compared with a similar study that was conducted in British Columbia. RESULTS: Most respondents did not advise maternal elimination diets during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Two-thirds of respondents always or regularly advised breastfeeding as a method to prevent atopic dermatitis. The majority of respondents advised delayed introduction of commonly allergenic foods beyond one year of age, especially for infants at risk of developing allergic disease. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the practices of general paediatricians and dietitians with respect to early childhood nutrition for the prevention of allergic disease compared with international guidelines.    Français        E-Mail This Abstract To A Colleague             Click here to download free Adobe PDF Reader

 

Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management

Critical appraisal of bilastine for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria

Review

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Authors: Sadaba B, Azanza JR, Gomez-Guiu A, Rodil R

Published Date May 2013 Volume 2013:9 Pages 197 - 205

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S16079

Received:	04 March 2013
Accepted:	05 April 2013
Published:	03 May 2013

Belen Sadaba, Jose Ramon Azanza, Almundena Gomez-Guiu, Raquel Rodil

Clinical Pharmacology Service, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Navarra, Spain

Abstract: Bilastine is a second generation antihistamine indicated for the treatment of seasonal or perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and chronic urticaria with a daily dose of 20 mg, in adults and children over 12 years of age. The efficacy of bilastine has been shown to be similar to that of the comparator drugs for the control of the nasal and nonnasal symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, while also showing a subjective improvement in the quality of life and in overall clinical impression. For chronic urticaria the symptoms (itching and the development of papules) lessens from the second day of treatment onwards, in a similar way to other antihistamines used as comparators. Bilastine should not be administered at meal times to avoid interference with the absorption process. It is not distributed to the central nervous system, is scarcely metabolized, and elimination is through the kidneys and feces, with a 14-hour elimination half-life. It has no effect on cytochrome P450. During clinical development, bilastine was shown to be a drug that is adequately tolerated, with a similar effect to placebo with regard to drowsiness and changes in heart rate. In relation to its use, headaches were the most frequent adverse effect to be reported. No cardiotoxic effects have been observed, and the therapeutic dose does not alter the state of alertness.

Keywords: bilastine, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, chronic urticaria, second generation antihistamine, drowsiness, CYP450



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