Behavioral interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing: a randomized pilot trial

RESEARCH ARTICLE

 

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OPEN PEER REVIEW

• Stephen D. PersellEmail author,
• Jason N. Doctor,
• Mark W. Friedberg,
• Daniella Meeker,
• Elisha Friesema,
• Andrew Cooper,
• Ajay Haryani,
• Dyanna L. Gregory,
• Craig R. Fox,
• Noah J. Goldstein and
• Jeffrey A. Linder

BMC Infectious DiseasesBMC series – open, inclusive and trusted201616:373

DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1715-8

©  The Author(s). 2016

Open Peer Review reports

Abstract

Background

Clinicians frequently prescribe antibiotics inappropriately for acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Our objective was to test information technology-enabled behavioral interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for ARIs in a randomized controlled pilot test trial.

Climate Change and Air Pollution: Effects on Respiratory Allergy

Review
	Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 Sep;8(5):391-395.  Gennaro D'Amato,1,2 Ruby Pawankar,3 Carolina Vitale,4 Maurizia Lanza,4 Antonio Molino,4 Anna Stanziola,4 Alessandro Sanduzzi,2,5 Alessandro Vatrella,6 and Maria D'Amato4 1Division of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases High Speciality, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Napoli, Italy. 2University "Federico II", Medical School, Naples, Italy. 3Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. 4First Division of Pneumology, High Speciality Hospital "V. Monaldi" and University "Federico II" Medical School, Naples, Italy. 5Second Division of Pneumology, High Speciality Hospital "V. Monaldi" and University "Federico II" Medical School, Naples, Italy. 6Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy. Abstract A body of evidence suggests that major changes involving the atmosphere and the climate, including global warming induced by anthropogenic factors, have impact on the biosphere and human environment. Studies on the effects of climate change on respiratory allergy are still lacking and current knowledge is provided by epidemiological and experimental studies on the relationship between allergic respiratory diseases, asthma and environmental factors, such as meteorological variables, airborne allergens, and air pollution.

Identification of novel macrolides with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and type I and III IFN-augmenting activity in airway epithelium

J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2016)doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw222

James D. Porter1,2, 

Jennifer Watson1, 

Lee R. Roberts3, 

Simren K. Gill4, 

Helen Groves4,

Jaideep Dhariwal1,2, 

Mark H. Almond1,2, 

Ernie Wong1,2, 

Ross P. Walton1,2, 

Lyn H. Jones3, 

John Tregoning4, 

Iain Kilty3, 

Sebastian L. Johnston1,2 and 

Michael R. Edwards1,2,*

Author Affiliations

1. ¹Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
2. ²MRC & Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
3. ³Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
4. ⁴Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Imperial College London, London, UK

 

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Abstract

Background Exacerbations of asthma and COPD are triggered by rhinoviruses. Uncontrolled inflammatory pathways, pathogenic bacterial burden and impaired antiviral immunity are thought to be important factors in disease severity and duration. Macrolides including azithromycin are often used to treat the above diseases, but exhibit variable levels of efficacy. Inhaled corticosteroids are also readily used in treatment, but may lack specificity. Ideally, new treatment alternatives should suppress unwanted inflammation, but spare beneficial antiviral immunity.

Value of peripheral blood eosinophil markers to predict severity of asthma

• Julian Casciano,
• Jerry A. Krishnan,
• Mary Buatti Small,
• Philip O. Buck,
• Gokul Gopalan,
• Chenghui Li,
• Robert Kemp and
• Zenobia DotiwalaEmail author

BMC Pulmonary MedicineBMC series – open, inclusive and trusted201616:109

DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0271-8

Open Peer Review reports

Abstract

Background

Asthma represents a significant clinical and economic burden to the US healthcare system. Along with other clinical manifestations of the disease, elevated sputum and blood eosinophil levels are observed in patients experiencing asthma exacerbations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between blood eosinophil levels and asthma severity defined using Expert Panel Report 3 guidelines.

Dr. Linda Cox reviews the latest information regarding sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT)

ACAAICOLA

Management of rhinosinusitis during pregnancy: systematic review and expert panel recommendations

Volume: 54 - Issue: 2, pp99-104, 2016
D. Lal - A.A. Jategaonkar - L. Borish - L.R. Chambliss - S.H. Gnagi - P.H. Hwang - M.A. Rank - J.A. Stankiewicz - V.J. Lund

BACKGROUND: Management of rhinosinusitis during pregnancy requires special considerations.
OBJECTIVES: 1. Conduct a systematic literature review for acute and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) management during pregnancy. 2. Make evidence-based recommendations.
METHODS: The systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and relevant search terms. Title, abstract and full manuscript review were conducted by two authors independently. A multispecialty panel with expertise in management of Rhinological disorders, Allergy-Immunology, and Obstetrics-Gynecology was invited to review the systematic review. Recommendations were sought on use of following for CRS management during pregnancy: oral corticosteroids; antibiotics; leukotrienes; topical corticosteroid spray/irrigations/drops; aspirin desensitization; elective surgery for CRS with polyps prior to planned pregnancy; vaginal birth versus planned Caesarian for skull base erosions/ prior CSF rhinorrhea.

Scaling up strategies of the chronic respiratory disease programme of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (Action Plan B3: Area 5)

Clinical and Translational Allergy20166:29 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0116-9

REVIEW 

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J Bousquet, J Farrell, G Crooks et al.

Email author

Abstract

Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) focuses on the integrated care of chronic diseases. Area 5 (Care Pathways) was initiated using chronic respiratory diseases as a model. The chronic respiratory disease action plan includes (1) AIRWAYS integrated care pathways (ICPs), (2) the joint initiative between the Reference site MACVIA-LR (Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif) and ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma), (3) Commitments for Action to the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing and the AIRWAYS ICPs network.

It is deployed in collaboration with the World Health Organization Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD). The European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing has proposed a 5-step framework for developing an individual scaling up strategy: (1) what to scale up: (1-a) databases of good practices, (1-b) assessment of viability of the scaling up of good practices, (1-c) classification of good practices for local replication and (2) how to scale up: (2-a) facilitating partnerships for scaling up, (2-b) implementation of key success factors and lessons learnt, including emerging technologies for individualised and predictive medicine. This strategy has already been applied to the chronic respiratory disease action plan of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing.

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Endotypes of allergic diseases and asthma: An important step in building blocks for the future of precision medicine

Allergology International
Vol. 65 (2016) No. 3 p. 243-252

Language:      English     Japanese   

http://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2016.04.011

INVITED REVIEW ARTICLE

Ioana Agache¹⁾, Cezmi A. Akdis^{2) 3)}

1) Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University 2) Swiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich 3) Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE)

Released on J-STAGE 20160725  

Keywords: Allergic diseases; Asthma; Biomarkers; Endotypes; Precision medicine

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Discoveries from basic science research in the last decade have brought significant progress in knowledge of pathophysiologic processes of allergic diseases, with a compelling impact on understanding of the natural history, risk prediction, treatment selection or mechanism-specific prevention strategies.