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Optimal control of asthma improved eosinophilic otitis media

Hypothesis & Experience  Open Access

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Asia Pac Allergy. 2018 Jan;8(1):e5. English. Published online Jan 24, 2018.  https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.2018.8.e5

Yukako Seo,1 Manabu Nonaka,1 Yukie Yamamura,1 Ruby Pawankar,2 and Etsuko Tagaya3

1Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.

2Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-0022, Japan.

3First Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.

Correspondence to: Manabu Nonaka. Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan. Tel: +81-3-3353-8111 (ext. 28531), Fax: +81-3-5269-7617, Email: nonaka-m@twmu.ac.jp

Abstract

Background Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is often associated with comorbid asthma. The middle ear cavity is part of the upper airway. Therefore, EOM and asthma can be considered to be a crucial part of the “one airway, one disease” phenomenon. Based on the concept of one airway, one disease in the context of allergic rhinitis and asthma, optimal level of inhalation therapy for better asthma control leads to improvement in allergic rhinitis.

Role of airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in pathogenesis of asthma

Allergology International

Volume 67, Issue 1, January 2018, Pages 12-17

Yasuhiro GonCorrespondence information about the author Yasuhiro GonEmail the author Yasuhiro Gon

,  Shu Hashimoto

Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Open Access

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Abstract

Bronchial asthma is characterized by persistent cough, increased sputum, and repeated wheezing. The pathophysiology underlying these symptoms is the hyper-responsiveness of the airway along with chronic airway inflammation. Repeated injury, repair, and regeneration of the airway epithelium following exposure to environmental factors and inflammation results in histological changes and functional abnormalities in the airway mucosal epithelium; such changes are believed to have a significant association with the pathophysiology of asthma. Damage to the barrier functions of the airway epithelium enhances mucosal permeability of foreign substances in the airway epithelium of patients with asthma. Thus, epithelial barrier fragility is closely involved in releasing epithelial cytokines (e.g., TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33) because of the activation of airway epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and innate group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). Functional abnormalities of the airway epithelial cells along with the activation of dendritic cells, Th2 cells, and ILC2 form a single immunopathological unit that is considered to cause allergic airway inflammation. Here we use the latest published literature to discuss the potential pathological mechanisms regarding the onset and progressive severity of asthma with regard to the disruption of the airway epithelial function.

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Profile of dupilumab and its potential in the treatment of inadequately controlled moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis

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Authors Awosika O, Kim L, Mazhar M, Rengifo-Pardo M, Ehrlich A

Published 24 January 2018 Volume 2018:11 Pages 41—49

DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S123329

Olabola Awosika,¹ Lori Kim,² Momina Mazhar,² Monica Rengifo-Pardo,^1,2 Alison Ehrlich<sup>1,2

1</sup>Department of Dermatology, The George Washington Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC, USA; ²George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA

Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder that manifests as eczematous lesions, often associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma.

Evaluation of Potential Continuation Rules for Mepolizumab Treatment of Severe Eosinophilic Asthma

Necdet B. Gunsoy, PhDCorrespondence information about the author PhD Necdet B. GunsoyEmail the author PhD Necdet B. Gunsoy

, 

Sarah M. Cockle, PhD

, 

Steven W. Yancey, MSc

, 

Oliver N. Keene, MSc

, 

Eric S. Bradford, MD

, 

Frank C. Albers, PhD

, 

Ian D. Pavord, FMedSci

Open Access

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2017.11.026

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Background

Mepolizumab significantly reduces exacerbations in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. The early identification of patients likely to receive long-term benefit from treatment could ensure effective resource allocation.

Objective

To assess potential continuation rules for mepolizumab in addition to initiation criteria defined as 2 or more exacerbations in the previous year and blood eosinophil counts of 150 cells/μL or more at initiation or 300 cells/μL or more in the previous year.

Association of Disease Severity With Skin Microbiome and Filaggrin Gene Mutations in Adult Atopic Dermatitis

Maja-Lisa Clausen, MD¹; Tove Agner, DMSc¹; Berit Lilje, PhD²; et al

Sofie M. Edslev, MSc²; Thor Bech Johannesen, MSc²; Paal Skytt Andersen, PhD^2,3

Author Affiliations Article Information

JAMA Dermatol. Published online January 17, 2018. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.5440

Key Points

Question  Is the skin microbiome in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) associated with disease severity and filaggrin gene mutations?

Findings  In this case-control study, bacterial diversity (alpha diversity) of the skin microbiome in patients with AD was inversely correlated with disease severity for both lesional and nonlesional skin. Skin microbiome composition (beta diversity) in nonlesional skin of patients with AD was linked to the presence of filaggrin gene mutations.

Meaning  The findings of this study suggest that the severity of AD influences the skin microbiome globally, even in nonlesional skin. Furthermore, our findings propose a possible association between skin microbiome and host genetics.

The role of the gut microbiome in systemic inflammatory disease

State of the Art ReviewBMJ 2018; 360 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j5145 (Published 08 January 2018)Cite this as:  BMJ 2018;360:j51452018;360:j5145

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2. 1. Jose C Clemente, assistant professor1,
   2. Julia Manasson, medical doctor2,
   3. Jose U Scher, assistant professor2

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ABSTRACT

The role of the gut microbiome in models of inflammatory and autoimmune disease is now well characterized. Renewed interest in the human microbiome and its metabolites, as well as notable advances in host mucosal immunology, has opened multiple avenues of research to potentially modulate inflammatory responses.