Mechanisms regulating neutrophil responses in immunity, allergy, and autoimmunity

REVIEW ARTICLE - Open Access

Alaz Özcan, Onur Boyman

Early View

Online Version of Record before inclusion in an issue

https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15505

Abstract

Neutrophil granulocytes, or neutrophils, are the most abundant circulating leukocytes in humans and indispensable for antimicrobial immunity, as exemplified in patients with inborn and acquired defects of neutrophils. Neutrophils were long regarded as the foot soldiers of the immune system, solely destined to execute a set of effector functions against invading pathogens before undergoing apoptosis, the latter of which was ascribed to their short life span. This simplistic understanding of neutrophils has now been revised on the basis of insights gained from the use of mouse models and single-cell high-throughput techniques, revealing tissue- and context-specific roles of neutrophils in guiding immune responses.

CD8+ T cell differentiation status correlates with the feasibility of sustained unresponsiveness following oral immunotherapy

• Article
• Open Access
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• Abhinav Kaushik, 
• Diane Dunham, 
• Xiaorui Han, 
• Evan Do, 
• Sandra Andorf, 
• Sheena Gupta, 
• Andrea Fernandes, 
• Laurie Elizabeth Kost, 
• Sayantani B. Sindher, 
• Wong Yu, 
• Mindy Tsai, 
• Robert Tibshirani, 
• Scott D. Boyd, 
• Manisha Desai, 
• Holden T. Maecker, 
• Stephen J. Galli, 
• R. Sharon Chinthrajah, 
• Rosemarie H. DeKruyff, 
• Monali Manohar & 
• Kari C. Nadeau 

Nature Communications volume 13, Article number: 6646 (2022) 

• details

Peanut OIT effects an immune shift away from Th2 phenotype.

Abstract

While food allergy oral immunotherapy (OIT) can provide safe and effective desensitization (DS), the immune mechanisms underlying development of sustained unresponsiveness (SU) following a period of avoidance are largely unknown. Here, we compare high dimensional phenotypes of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets of participants in a previously reported, phase 2 randomized, controlled, peanut OIT trial who achieved SU vs. DS (no vs. with allergic reactions upon food challenge after a withdrawal period; n = 21 vs. 30 respectively among total 120 intent-to-treat participants). Lower frequencies of naïve CD8+ T cells and terminally differentiated CD57+CD8+ T cell subsets at baseline (pre-OIT) are associated with SU. Frequency of naïve CD8+ T cells shows a significant positive correlation with peanut-specific and Ara h 2-specific IgE levels at baseline.

Chronic rhinosinusitis associated with chronic bronchitis in a five-year follow-up: the Telemark study

• Research
• Open Access
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• Joel Bergqvist, 
• Mogens Bove, 
• Anders Andersson, 
• Linus Schiöler, 
• Geir Klepaker, 
• Regine Abrahamsen, 
• Anne Kristin M. Fell & 
• Johan Hellgren 

BMC Pulmonary Medicine volume 22, Article number: 406 (2022) 

Abstract

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with generalised airway inflammation. Few studies have addressed the relationship between CRS and chronic bronchitis (CB).

Methods

This prospective study over a five-year period aims to investigate the risk of developing CB in subjects reporting CRS at the beginning of the study. A random sample of 7393 adult subjects from Telemark County, Norway, answered a comprehensive respiratory questionnaire in 2013 and then 5 years later in 2018.

Biologics for allergy: therapeutic potential for ocular allergic diseases and adverse effects on the eye

Allergology International

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KenFukudaa TatsumaKishimotoa TamakiSumia KenjiYamashiroa NobuyukiEbiharab

Author links open overlay panel

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2022.09.005

Open access

Abstract

Biologics applying antibodies against IgE, IL-5, IL-5 receptor α, IL-4 receptor α, and IL-13 have dramatically improved recent treatment outcomes in allergic diseases including asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. However, these drugs have not been approved for ocular allergic diseases such as allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and atopic keratoconjunctivitis.

Derivation of asthma severity from electronic prescription records using British thoracic society treatment steps

• Research
• Open Access
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• Holly Tibble, 
• Aziz Sheikh & 
• Athanasios Tsanas 

BMC Pulmonary Medicine volume 22, Article number: 397 (2022) 

Abstract

Background:

Asthma severity is typically assessed through a retrospective assessment of the treatment required to control symptoms and to prevent exacerbations. The joint British Thoracic Society and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (BTS/SIGN) guidelines encourage a stepwise approach to pharmacotherapy, and as such, current treatment step can be considered as a severity categorisation proxy.

Allergen immunotherapy: past, present and future

Durham SR, Shamji MH. Allergen immunotherapy: past, present and future. Nat Rev Immunol. 2022 Oct 17:1–12. doi: 10.1038/s41577-022-00786-1. Epub ahead of print.

Abstract

Allergen immunotherapy is a form of therapeutic vaccination for established IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to common allergen sources such as pollens, house dust mites and the venom of stinging insects. The classical protocol, introduced in 1911, involves repeated subcutaneous injection of increasing amounts of allergen extract, followed by maintenance injections over a period of 3 years, achieving a form of allergen-specific tolerance that provides clinical benefit for years after its discontinuation. More recently, administration through the sublingual route has emerged as an effective, safe alternative.

Skin biomarkers predict development of atopic dermatitis in infancy.

Rinnov MR, Halling AS, Gerner T, Ravn NH, Knudgaard MH, Trautner S, Goorden SMI, Ghauharali-van der Vlugt KJM, Stet FS, Skov L, Thomsen SF, Egeberg A, Rosted ALL, Petersen T, Jakasa I, Riethmüller C, Kezic S, Thyssen JP. Skin biomarkers predict development of atopic dermatitis in infancy. Allergy. 2022 Sep 16. doi: 10.1111/all.15518.

Open Access

Background: There is currently no insight into biomarkers that can predict the onset of pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods: Nested in a prospective birth cohort study that examined the occurrence of physician-diagnosed AD in 300 children, 44 random children with onset of AD in the first year of life were matched on sex and season of birth with 44 children who did not develop AD.

Ever and cumulative occupational exposure and lung function decline in longitudinal population-based studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rabbani G, Nimmi N, Benke GP, et al.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine October 2022. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108237


Abstract

Objectives Adverse occupational exposures can accelerate age-related lung function decline. Some longitudinal population-based studies have investigated this association. This study aims to examine this association using findings reported by longitudinal population-based studies.

Methods Ovid Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using keywords and text words related to occupational exposures and lung function and 12 longitudinal population-based studies were identified using predefined inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Lung function decline was defined as annual loss of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) or the ratio (FEV1/FVC).