Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-dependent aberrant mitochondrial fission are closely linked to the pathogenesis of asthma. However, it is unclear whether Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and its downstream targets mediate MIF-induced proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in vitro and airway remodeling in chronic asthma models. The present study aims to clarify these issues.
Moreno-Sabater A, Sterlin D, Imamovic L et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023 May 9:S0091-6749(23)00566-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.03.033.
Background
Objectives
Our goal was to study the impact of IgA on gut mycobiota ecology.
Methods
The Fungi-Flow method was used to characterize fecal, systemic, and maternal IgA, IgM, and IgG responses against 14 representative fungal strains (yeast/spores or hyphae forms) in healthy donors (HDs) (n = 34, 31, and 20, respectively) and to also compare gut mycobiota opsonization by secretory antibodies in HDs (n = 28) and patients with selective IgA deficiency (SIgAd) (n = 12).
Abstract
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| Functional differences within the early-life gut microbiome of infants later diagnosed with atopic diseases. |
ABSTRACT
The first few years of life is a key period for the development of the gut microbiome. However, our current understanding of this topic is largely biased toward Western populations. In this study, we characterized the development and determinants of the gut microbiome in a prospective cohort of 112 term Chinese children by sequencing 713 stool samples collected at nine time points from birth to 3 years of age using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We revealed alterations in the composition and alpha and beta diversities of the gut microbiota across the first 3 years of life. We identified mode of delivery, feeding mode, and intrapartum antibiotics as the major determinants of the early-life gut microbiome, the effects of all of which persisted up to 12 months. Importantly, by conducting a nested case–control study, we showed that alterations in the infant gut microbiota precede the development of eczema.
Alterations in the taxonomic composition and alpha and
beta diversities of the gut microbiota across the first 3
years of life.
The incidence of asthma, a heterogeneous inflammatory disease affecting over 300 million people worldwide, continues to increase in developed countries. Human epithelial cells (ECs) express the alarmin-type cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) following tissue injury triggered by several environmental insults, which include allergens, smoke, pollutants, or other irritants.
Abstract
The field of medicine is witnessing an exponential growth of interest in artificial intelligence (AI), which enables new research questions and the analysis of larger and new types of data. Nevertheless, applications that go beyond proof of concepts and deliver clinical value remain rare, especially in the field of allergy.
Highlights
• Immunotherapy is an appealing long-term solution for treating cockroach allergies as they are difficult to eliminate.
• Using recombinant allergens for allergen immunotherapy improves the reproducibility of treatment outcomes.
• Cockroach allergens can be made even safer for immunotherapy by removing its IgE-epitopes while retaining antigenicity.
• Immunotherapy based on cross-reacting allergen groups should be considered for certain allergens.
• Accurate patient selection via precision allergen testing is the first step towards precision AIT.
Abstract
Purpose of review
