Interrelatedness between dysbiosis in the gut microbiota due to immunodeficiency and disease penetrance of colitis

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• Avijit Ray,

 
 
Summary
The composition of the microbiome in health and disease has only recently become a major research focus. Although it is clear that an imbalance or dysbiosis in the microbiota is associated with disease, its interrelatedness to disease penetrance is largely unknown.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an excellent disease in which to explore these questions because of the extensive genetic studies identifying disease susceptibility loci and the ability to easily sample the intestinal microbiota in IBD patients due to the accessibility of stool samples. In addition, mouse models of IBD have contributed to our understanding of the interrelatedness of the gut microbiota and genes associated with IBD.

High risk for obstructive sleep apnea and other sleep disorders among overweight and obese pregnant women

Research article

Jayne R. Rice¹, Gloria T. Larrabure-Torrealva²³, Miguel Angel Luque Fernandez¹, Mirtha Grande⁵, Vicky Motta², Yasmin V. Barrios¹, Sixto Sanchez⁴⁵, Bizu Gelaye^1* and Michelle A. Williams¹

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2015, 15:198  doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0633-x

Abstract

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common and serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep, is associated with excess weight and obesity. Little is known about the co-occurrence of OSA among pregnant women from low and middle-income countries.

Sleep Apnea Clinical Score, Berlin Questionnaire, or Epworth Sleepiness Scale: which is the best obstructive sleep apnea predictor in patients with COPD?

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

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Anamelia Costa Faria, Cláudia Henrique da Costa, Rogério Rufino

Cardiopulmonology Department, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Introduction: The Sleep Apnea Clinical Score (SACS) and the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) are used to predict the likelihood of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is used to assess daytime sleepiness, a common OSA symptom. These clinical tools help prioritize individuals with the most severe illness regarding on whom polysomnography (PSG) should be performed. It is necessary to check the applicability of these tools in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study is to compare SACS, BQ, and ESS performance in patients with COPD.

Using magnetic resonance imaging to quantify the inflammatory response following allergen challenge in allergic rhinitis

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease

Early View (Online Version of Record published before inclusion in an issue)

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Keywords:

• Acoustic rhinometry;
• allergic rhinitis;
• MRI;
• nasal allergen challenge

Abstract

Current rhinometric and flow assessments measure nasal patency and are often poorly correlated with rhinitis symptoms. To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a new method to measure inflammatory changes in nasal and sinus mucosa following nasal allergen challenge.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-supplemented formula expands butyrate-producing bacterial strains in food allergic infants

The ISME Journal advance online publication, 22 September 2015; doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.151

OPEN

Roberto Berni Canani^1,8, Naseer Sangwan^2,8, Andrew T Stefka^3,8, Rita Nocerino¹, Lorella Paparo¹, Rosita Aitoro¹, Antonio Calignano⁴, Aly A Khan⁵, Jack A Gilbert^2,6,7and Cathryn R Nagler³

1. ¹Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
2. ²Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
3. ³Committee on Immunology and Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
4. ⁴Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
5. ⁵Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
6. ⁶Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
7. ⁷Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

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Abstract

Dietary intervention with extensively hydrolyzed casein formula supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (EHCF+LGG) accelerates tolerance acquisition in infants with cow’s milk allergy (CMA). We examined whether this effect is attributable, at least in part, to an influence on the gut microbiota. Fecal samples from healthy controls (n=20) and from CMA infants (n=19) before and after treatment with EHCF with (n=12) and without (n=7) supplementation with LGG were compared by 16S rRNA-based operational taxonomic unit clustering and oligotyping.

Sublingual Immunotherapy with a Five-Grass Pollen Tablet in Adult Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: An Open, Prospective, Noninterventional, Multicenter Study

BioMed Research International

Volume 2015 (2015), Article ID 584291, 11 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/584291

Research Article

Oliver Pfaar,1,2 Heinz-Gerd Richter,3 Ludger Klimek,1 Jochen Sieber,4 Meike Hadler,4 and Efstrathios Karagiannis4

Abstract

Background. Although the safety and efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with a five-grass pollen tablet have been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), these outcomes must always be evaluated in real-life medical practice. 

Severe Asthma: Definition, Diagnosis and Treatment

• Dtsch Arztebl Int
• v.111(50); 2014 Dec
• PMC4357024

Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2014 Dec; 111(50): 847–855.

PMCID: PMC4357024

Review Article

Marek Lommatzsch, Prof. Dr. med.*,1 and Christian J Virchow, Prof. Dr. med.1

Author information ► Article notes ► Copyright and License information ►

Abstract

Background

A minority of patients with asthma have uncontrolled or partially controlled asthma despite intensive treatment. These patients present a special challenge because of the extensive diagnostic evaluation that they need, insufficient evidence regarding personalized treatments, and their high consumption of health-care resources.

Twin Studies of Atopic Dermatitis: Interpretations and Applications in the Filaggrin Era

Journal of Allergy
Volume 2015 (2015), Article ID 902359, 7 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/902359Review ArticleCamilla Elmose1 and Simon Francis Thomsen1,2

1Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
2Center for Medical Research Methodology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark

Abstract

Aim. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of population-based twin studies of (a) the concordance and heritability of AD and (b) the relationship between AD and asthma and, furthermore, to reinterpret findings from previous twin studies in the light of the emerging knowledge about filaggrin and its role in the atopic march and provide suggestions for future research in this area.