Viruses and bacteria in Th2 biased allergic airway disease

Accepted Article (Accepted, unedited articles published online and citable. The final edited and typeset version of record will appear in future.)

1. Feng Lan, 
2. Nan Zhang, 
3. Elien Gevaert,
4. Luo Zhang³ and
5. Claus Bachert

Abstract

Allergic airway diseases are typically characterized by a type 2-biased inflammation. Multiple distinct viruses and bacteria have been detected in the airways. Recently, it has been confirmed that the microbiome of allergic individuals differs from those of healthy subjects, showing a close relationship with the type 2 response in allergic airway disease.

Eosinophilic esophagitis is characterized by a non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity

Volume 71, Issue 5, pages 611–620, May 2016

1. D. Simon^1,‡,*, 
2. A. Cianferoni^2,3,‡, 
3. J. M. Spergel^2,3, 
4. S. Aceves⁴, 
5. M. Holbreich⁵, 
6. C. Venter^6,7, 
7. M. E. Rothenberg⁶, 
8. I. Terreehorst⁸, 
9. A. Muraro⁹, 
10. A. J. Lucendo¹⁰,
11. A. Schoepfer¹¹, 
12. A. Straumann¹² and
13. H.-U. Simon¹³

Abstract

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease characterized clinically by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and histologically by eosinophil-predominant inflammation. EoE is frequently associated with concomitant atopic diseases and immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization to food allergens in children as well as to aeroallergens and cross-reactive plant allergen components in adults. Patients with EoE respond well to elemental and empirical food elimination diets.

Depletion of major pathogenic cells in asthma by targeting CRTh2

Tao Huang,1 Meredith Hazen,2 Yonglei Shang,2 Meijuan Zhou,1 Xiumin Wu,1 Donghong Yan,1 Zhonghua Lin,1 Margaret Solon,3 Elizabeth Luis,4 Hai Ngu,3 Yongchang Shi,5 Arna Katewa,1 David F. Choy,6 Nandhini Ramamoorthi,6 Erick R. Castellanos,4 Mercedesz Balazs,1 Min Xu,1 Wyne P. Lee,1 Marissa L. Matsumoto,4 Jian Payandeh,7 Joseph R. Arron,6Jo-Anne Hongo,2 Jianyong Wang,5 Isidro Hötzel,2 Cary D. Austin,3 and Karin Reif1

Research Article Immunology Therapeutics

Abstract

Eosinophilic inflammation and Th2 cytokine production are central to the pathogenesis of asthma. Agents that target either eosinophils or single Th2 cytokines have shown benefits in subsets of biomarker-positive patients. More broadly effective treatment or disease-modifying effects may be achieved by eliminating more than one inflammatory stimulator. Here we present a strategy to concomitantly deplete Th2 T cells, eosinophils, basophils, and type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) by generating monoclonal antibodies with enhanced effector function (19A2) that target CRTh2 present on all 4 cell types.

Predictive Factors for Medical Consultation for Sore Throat in Adults with Recurrent Pharyngotonsillitis

International Journal of Otolaryngology
Volume 2016 (2016), Article ID 6095689, 5 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6095689

Research Article

T. Koskenkorva,1,2,3 P. Koivunen,1,2,3 and O.-P. Alho1,2,3

1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
2PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
3Medical Research Center Oulu, Finland

Abstract

Objects. To seek patient- and episode-related factors that associate with medical consultation for acute sore throat because these factors may affect the patient being referred to specialist care and tonsillectomy for recurrent pharyngotonsillitis. Methods. In a secondary analysis of two prior randomised controlled trials, sore throat episodes and medical visits were explored among 156 adult patients referred for tonsillectomy because of recurrent pharyngotonsillitis. Results. The 156 patients (104 females, mean age of 26 years) suffered from 208 acute pharyngotonsillitis episodes during 5-6 months of follow-up. Forty (25%) patients visited a physician, and female gender (adjusted hazard ratio, HR, 3.3; 95% confidence interval 1.4–8.0) and finding of chronically infected tonsils (HR 2.7; 1.2–6.1) were associated with medical consultation.

Therapeutic anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies: from bench to bedside

Full Text

Immunotherapy

Posted online on May 10, 2016.

(doi:10.2217/imt-2016-0049)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License

Chantal Kuhn¹ & Howard L Weiner*^,1

*Author for correspondence: hweiner@rics.bwh.harvard.edu

Sections: 

ChooseABSTRACTBackgroundTregs in autoimmune disea...Anti-CD3 mAb in animal mo...New mouse models for test...Oral administration of an...How does oral anti-CD3 mA...Nasal administration of a...Clinical development of a...Clinical trials with intr...Clinical trials with oral...Combination therapies wit...Combination therapies wit...Conclusion & future persp...References

ABSTRACT	ChooseTop of pageABSTRACT <<BackgroundTregs in autoimmune disea...Anti-CD3 mAb in animal mo...New mouse models for test...Oral administration of an...How does oral anti-CD3 mA...Nasal administration of a...Clinical development of a...Clinical trials with intr...Clinical trials with oral...Combination therapies wit...Combination therapies wit...Conclusion & future persp...References

The induction of tolerance is a major goal of immunotherapy. Investigations over the last 20 years have shown that anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) effectively treat autoimmune disease in animal models and have also shown promise in clinical trials. Tolerance induction by anti-CD3 mAbs is related to the induction of Tregs that control pathogenic autoimmune responses. Here, we review preclinical and clinical studies in which intravenous or mucosal administration of anti-CD3 mAbs has been employed and provide an outlook on future developments to enhance the efficacy of this promising therapeutic approach.

View/Print PDF (8572 KB)

View PDF Plus (8719 KB)

Longitudinal stability of asthma characteristics and biomarkers from the Airways Disease Endotyping for Personalized Therapeutics (ADEPT) study

Respiratory Research201617:43P. E. Silkoff, M. Laviolette, D. Singh, J. M. FitzGerald, S. Kelsen, V. Backer, C. Porsbjerg, P. O. Girodet, P. Berger, J. N. Kline, S. Khatri, P. Chanez, V. S. Susulic, E. S. Barnathan, F. Baribaud, M. J. Loza and for the ADEPT Investigators

Abstract

Background

Asthma is a biologically heterogeneous disease and development of novel therapeutics requires understanding of pathophysiologic phenotypes. There is uncertainty regarding the stability of clinical characteristics and biomarkers in asthma over time. This report presents the longitudinal stability over 12 months of clinical characteristics and clinically accessible biomarkers from ADEPT.

Can we identify patients at risk of life-threatening allergic reactions to food?

Accepted Article (Accepted, unedited articles published online and citable. The final edited and typeset version of record will appear in future.

1. Paul J. Turner¹, 
2. Joseph L. Baumert²,
3. Kirsten Beyer³, 
4. Robert Boyle¹, 
5. Chun-Han Chan⁴, 
6. Andrew Clark⁵, 
7. René W.R. Crevel⁶,
8. Audrey DunnGalvin⁷, 
9. Montserrat Fernández Rivas⁸, 
10. Hazel M. Gowland⁹, 
11. Linus Grabenhenrich¹⁰, 
12. Sarah Hardy⁴, 
13. Geert F Houben¹¹, 
14. Jonathan O'B Hourihane¹²,
15. Antonella Muraro¹³, 
16. Lars K. Poulsen¹⁴,
17. Katarzyna Pyrz⁷, 
18. Benjamin C. Remington¹¹,
19. Sabine Schnadt¹⁵, 
20. Ronald van Ree¹⁶,
21. Carina Venter¹⁷, 
22. Margitta Worm¹⁸, 
23. Clare E.N. Mills¹⁹, 
24. Graham Roberts^20,21,22,*and
25. Barbara K. Ballmer
Weber²³

DOI: 10.1111/all.12924

• Abstract
• Cited By

Abstract

Anaphylaxis has been defined as a “severe, life-threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction”. However, data indicate that the vast majority of food-triggered anaphylactic reactions are not life-threatening. Nonetheless, severe life-threatening reactions do occur, and are unpredictable. We discuss the concepts surrounding perceptions of severe, life-threatening allergic reactions to food by different stakeholders, with particular reference to the inclusion of clinical severity as a factor in allergy and allergen risk management.

Mechanisms of Anaphylaxis Beyond IgE

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2016; Vol. 26(2): 73-82 doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0046 Muñoz-Cano R1,2,4, Picado C1,2,3, Valero A1,2,3, Bartra J1,2,4 1Unitat d'Al·lergia, Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 2Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain 3Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain 4Red de Investigación de Reacciones Adversas a Alérgenos y Fármacos (RIRAAF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain    Abstract Anaphylaxis is an acute, life-threatening, multisystem syndrome resulting from the sudden release of mediators derived from mast cells and basophils. Food allergens are the main triggers of anaphylaxis, accounting for 33%-56% of all cases and up to 81% of cases of anaphylaxis in children. Human anaphylaxis is generally thought to be mediated by IgE, with mast cells and basophils as key players, although alternative mechanisms have been proposed.