Setting Occupational Exposure Limits for Chemical Allergens—Understanding the Challenges

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Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

Taylor & Francis

J Occup Environ Hyg. 2015 Nov 25; 12(sup1): S82–S98.

Published online 2015 Nov 19. doi:  10.1080/15459624.2015.1072277

PMCID: PMC4685595

NIHMSID: NIHMS746362

G. S. Dotson, a , * A. Maier, a , b P. D. Siegel, c S. E. Anderson, c B. J. Green, c A. B. Stefaniak, d C. D. Codispoti, e and I. Kimber f

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Abstract

Chemical allergens represent a significant health burden in the workplace. Exposures to such chemicals can cause the onset of a diverse group of adverse health effects triggered by immune-mediated responses. Common responses associated with workplace exposures to low molecular weight (LMW) chemical allergens range from allergic contact dermatitis to life-threatening cases of asthma.

Current Safety Concerns with Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: A Cluster Analysis of Reports in VigiBase®

Chandler, R.E., Juhlin, K., Fransson, J. et al. Drug Saf (2016). doi:10.1007/s40264-016-0456-3

Open Access

Abstract

Introduction

A number of safety signals—complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)—have emerged with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, which share a similar pattern of symptomatology. Previous signal evaluations and epidemiological studies have largely relied on traditional methodologies and signals have been considered individually.

Active treatment for food allergy

Aaron K. KobernickPress enter key for correspondence informationPress enter key to Email the author

, 

A. Wesley Burks

Open Access

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2016.08.002

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Abstract

Food allergy has grown in rapidly in prevalence, currently affecting 5% of adults and 8% of children. Management strategy is currently limited to 1) food avoidance and 2) carrying and using rescue intramuscular epinephrine/adrenaline and oral antihistamines in the case of accidental ingestion; there is no FDA approved treatment. Recently, oral, sublingual and epicutaneous immunotherapy have been developed as active treatment of food allergy, though none have completed phase 3 study.

Dr. Alan Goldsobel reviews the diagnosis and management of patients who have chronic cough

Dr. Alan Goldsobel reviews the diagnosis and management of patients who have chronic cough

ACAAICOLA

Dr. Maya Nanda describes how to do oral food challenges to evaluate food-allergic patients

Dr. Maya Nanda describes how to do oral food challenges to evaluate food-allergic patients
ACAAICOLA

Dr. Robbie Pesek discusses the basics of food allergy

Dr. Robbie Pesek discusses the basics of food allergy

ACAAICOLA

Dr. Lanny Rosenwasser discusses the pathogenesis of asthma

Dr. Lanny Rosenwasser discusses the pathogenesis of asthma

ACAAICOLA

Mechanism of Sleep Disturbance in Children with Atopic Dermatitis and the Role of the Circadian Rhythm and Melatonin

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(4), 462; doi:10.3390/ijms17040462

Review

Yung-Sen Chang 1,2,3

 and Bor-Luen Chiang 2,4,* 

1 Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan2 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan3 School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan4 Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan

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Abstract

Sleep disturbance is common in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). It is a major factor leading to impaired quality of life in these patients and could have negative effects on neurocognitive function and behavior. However, the pathophysiology of sleep disturbance in children with AD is poorly understood, and there is no consensus on how to manage sleep problems in these patients. Pruritus and scratching could lead to sleep disruption but is unlikely the sole etiology. The circadian rhythm of cytokines, the immune system, and skin physiology such as transcutaneous water loss and skin blood flow might also play a role. Recent studies have suggested that melatonin could also be involved due to its multiple effects on sleep, immunomodulation, and anti-oxidant ability. Environmental factors should also be considered. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the pathophysiology of sleep disturbance in children with AD, and discuss possible therapeutic implications.

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