Molecules 2013, 18(5), 6113-6127; doi:10.3390/molecules18056113

Article

The Ameliorative Effect of Sophoricoside on Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Inflammation in Vivo and in Vitro

Su-Jin Kim ^1,† , Gil-Yong Lee ^2,† , Ji-Wook Jung ² , Sa-Rang Oh ³ , Eun-Mi Ahn ⁴ , Sung-Hoon Kim ⁵ , Seung-Heon Hong ^6,†  and Jae-Young Um ^5,†,* 

¹ Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Hanny University, Yugok-dong, Kyungsan 712-715, Korea² Department of Herbal Medicinal Pharmacology, Daegu Haany University, Yugok-dong, Kyungsan 712-715, Korea³ Department of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Sindang-dong, Dalseo-gu, Dae-gu 704-701, Korea⁴ Department of Herbal Foodceutical Science, Daegu Haany University, Yugok-dong, Kyungsan 712-715, Korea⁵ College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea⁶ Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea^† These authors contributed equally to this work.* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 11 March 2013; in revised form: 7 May 2013 / Accepted: 10 May 2013 / Published: 22 May 2013

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry)

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Abstract: Sophoricoside exhibits numerous pharmacological effects, including anti- inflammatory and anti-cancer actions, yet the exact mechanism that accounts for the anti-allergic effects of sophoricoside is not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether and how sophoricoside modulates the mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the pharmacological effects of sophoricoside on both compound 48/80 or histamine-induced scratching behaviors and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis in mice. Additionally, to find a possible explanation for the anti-inflammatory effects of sophoricoside, we evaluated the effects of sophoricoside on the production of histamine and inflammatory cytokines and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and caspase-1 in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). The finding of this study demonstrated that sophoricoside reduced compound 48/80 or histamine-induced scratching behaviors and DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in mice. Additionally, sophoricoside inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines as well as the activation of NF-κB and caspase-1 in stimulated HMC-1. Collectively, the findings of this study provide us with novel insights into the pharmacological actions of sophoricoside as a potential molecule for use in the treatment of allergic inflammation diseases.

Keywords: sophoricoside; inflammatory cytokine; mast cells; allergic inflammation