REVIEW ARTICLE
Front. Immunol., 04 November 2013 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00356
Fabián Salazar
Amir M. Ghaemmaghami- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Allergy is an exacerbated response of the immune system against non-self-proteins called allergens and is typically characterized by biased type-2 T helper cell and deleterious IgE mediated immune responses. The allergic cascade starts with the recognition of allergens by antigen presenting cells, mainly dendritic cells (DCs), leading to Th2 polarization, switching to IgE production by B cells, culminating in mast cell sensitization and triggering. DCs have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in orchestrating allergic diseases. Using different C-type lectin receptors DCs are able to recognize and internalize a number of allergens from diverse sources leading to sensitization. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence highlighting the role of epithelial cells in triggering and modulating immune responses to allergens. As well as providing a physical barrier, epithelial cells can interact with allergens and influence DCs behavior through the release of a number of Th2 promoting cytokines. In this review we will summarize current understanding of how allergens are recognized by DCs and epithelial cells and what are the consequences of such interaction in the context of allergic sensitization and downstream events leading to allergic inflammation. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of allergen recognition and associated signaling pathways could enable developing more effective therapeutic strategies that target the initial steps of allergic sensitization hence hindering development or progression of allergic diseases.
Keywords: dendritic cell, epithelial cell, asthma, allergy, type-I hypersensitivity, house dust mite, pattern recognition receptor, TSLP
Citation: Salazar F and Ghaemmaghami AM (2013) Allergen recognition by innate immune cells: critical role of dendritic and epithelial cells. Front. Immunol. 4:356. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00356
Received: 29 August 2013; Accepted: 21 October 2013;
Published online: 04 November 2013.
Published online: 04 November 2013.
Edited by:
Christiane Hilger, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg
Reviewed by:
María Marcela Barrio, Fundación Cáncer, ArgentinaFrançois Hentges, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Luxembourg
Copyright: © 2013 Salazar and Ghaemmaghami. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Amir M. Ghaemmaghami, Division of Immunology, West Block, A Floor, Queen’s Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK e-mail: amg@nottingham.ac.uk
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