Molecular Mechanisms of Nasal Epithelium in Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis

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Abstract

Allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis are multifactorial upper airway diseases with high prevalence. Several genetic and environmental factors are proposed to predispose to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory upper airway diseases. Still, the molecular mechanisms leading toward the onset and progression of upper airway diseases are largely unknown. The upper airway epithelium has an important role in sensing the environment and regulating the inhaled air. As such, it links environmental insults to the host immunity. Human sinonasal epithelium serves as an excellent target for observing induced early-phase events, in vivo, and with a systems biological perspective. Actually, increasing number of investigations have provided evidence that altered homeostasis in the sinonasal epithelium might be important in the chronic upper airway inflammation.

Keywords: 

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015; 15: 495.

Published online 2014 Dec 11. doi:  10.1007/s11882-014-0495-8

Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Cornelis M. van Drunen, Wytske J. Fokkens, Korneliuz Golebski, Pirkko Mattila, Sakari Joenvaara, Jutta Renkonen, and Risto Renkonen

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis are multifactorial upper airway diseases with high prevalence. Several genetic and environmental factors are proposed to predispose to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory upper airway diseases.

Still, the molecular mechanisms leading toward the onset and progression of upper airway diseases are largely unknown. The upper airway epithelium has an important role in sensing the environment and regulating the inhaled air. As such, it links environmental insults to the host immunity. Human sinonasal epithelium serves as an excellent target for observing induced early-phase events, in vivo, and with a systems biological perspective. Actually, increasing number of investigations have provided evidence that altered homeostasis in the sinonasal epithelium might be important in the chronic upper airway inflammation.

Keywords: Airway, Allergic rhinitis, Allergy, Epithelium, Nasal polyp, Respiratory, Rhinitis, Rhinosinusitis, Sinusitis

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