Assessment of autoantibodies in paediatric population with primary immunodeficiencies: a pilot study

• Research
• Open Access
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• Karolina Pieniawska-Śmiech, 
• Aleksandra Lewandowicz-Uszyńska, 
• Magdalena Zemelka-Wiacek & 
• Marek Jutel 

BMC Immunology volume 24, Article number: 8 (2023) 

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Abstract

Background

The correlation between primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) and autoimmunity shows ethnic and geographical diversity. The aim of our study was to accumulate more data in paediatric PID population.

Methods

58 children aged 1–17 and with PID (study group) and 14 age-matched immunocompetent individuals (control group) were included in the study.

Serum levels of 17 different specific IgG antibodies against autoantigens were measured by means of a quantitative enzyme immunoassay. Immunoglobulin levels were analysed in relation to a detailed medical examination.

Results

Autoantibodies against one or more antigens were detected in the sera of 24.14% (n = 14) subjects in the study group. The most frequent were anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies (n = 8; 13.8%). Anti-TPO antibody levels were elevated more often in PID patients with a positive family history of autoimmune diseases (p = 0.04). The screening for anti-deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) and anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies in our series allowed identifying two previously undiagnosed cases of coeliac disease in PID patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the study and the control group in terms of the autoantibodies prevalence.

Conclusions

This study provides data on the prevalence of autoantibodies in paediatric population diagnosed with PID. Selected autoantibodies (i.e. anti-tTG, anti-DGP) might be useful for the screening of PID to avoid the delay of diagnosis of an autoimmune disease.

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