KEY POINTS
Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of both children and adults, for which incidence and prevalence is rising worldwide; the condition is most common among young males with a history of atopy.
The pathophysiology involves an incompletely understood interaction of antigen exposures with host factors, including esophageal-specific genetic variations.
Adults with eosinophilic esophagitis commonly present with recurrent dysphagia and food bolus impaction, which may be masked by compensating behaviours, whereas children more often present with feeding problems, abdominal pain and vomiting.
Diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis is based on clinical history as well as eosinophilic-predominant inflammation on histological examination of biopsies taken at endoscopy.
First-line treatment may include pharmacologic agents or elimination diets, in conjunction with esophageal dilation if necessary to address and prevent food obstructions.
Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic condition, which can affect both children and adults and encompasses a spectrum of disorders; it is a common cause of esophageal dysphagia, esophageal narrowing and food impaction.1–6 Given its increased recognition in the past 3 decades,2 we discuss recent evidence related to eosinophilic esophagitis as well as recommendations about its management based on current consensus guidelines (Box 1).
Box 1: Evidence used in this review
We searched PubMed from 2013 to May 2023, concentrating on publications from 2018 onwards, when the diagnostic criteria of eosinophilic esophagitis were changed. Selected articles included guidelines, meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials.
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