Abstract
Objective
This was a single-centre, prospective cross-sectional observational study conducted between February and June 2025. Serum levels of IL-33, ST2, TNF-α, and IL-6 were quantified in patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis (AR) and compared against healthy control subjects. This study aimed to compare serum levels of IL-33, ST2, TNF-α, and IL-6 between patients with AR and healthy controls, and to examine their association with symptom severity.
Methods
A total of 81 participants diagnosed with AR were recruited from the Otolaryngology and Pulmonology Departments of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Chengdu, Sichuan, China).
For comparison, 85 healthy controls were selected from the same hospital’s Physical Examination Center. Serum concentrations of IL-33/ST2, TNF-α, and IL-6 were quantified using ELISA. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was conducted to investigate relationships between pathway components, cytokine expression, and clinical symptom severity.Results
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| Schematic illustration of the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in allergic rhinitis |
In comparison to the control cohort, the experimental group exhibited statistically significant elevations in the serum levels of IL-33, ST2, TNF-α, and IL-6, each of which was substantially higher than the corresponding values measured in healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Positive correlations were also found between these biomarkers and symptom severity.
Conclusion
Aberrant activation of the IL-33/ST2 pathway, together with elevated TNF-α and IL-6 levels, is closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of AR. Targeting this signaling axis may therefore represent a promising therapeutic strategy and support the development of objective measures for disease severity assessment.
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