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April 14, 2013
Letter to the Editor: Anaphylactic Cardiovascular Collapse during Anesthesia: The Kounis Acute Hypersensitivity Syndrome Seems to be the Most Likely Cause
Nuclear Antigens and Auto/Alloantibody Responses: Friend or Foe in Transplant Immunology
Clinical and Developmental Immunology Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 267156, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/267156
Review Article
Nuclear Antigens and Auto/Alloantibody Responses: Friend or Foe in Transplant Immunology
1Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
2Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
3Iwao Hospital, 3059-1 Kawakami, Yufu, Oita 879-5102, Japan
2Liver Transplantation Program and Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
3Iwao Hospital, 3059-1 Kawakami, Yufu, Oita 879-5102, Japan
Received 16 January 2013; Accepted 19 March 2013
Academic Editor: Stanislav Vukmanovic
Copyright © 2013 Toshiaki Nakano et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
In addition to cellular immune responses, humoral immune responses, mediated by natural antibodies, autoantibodies, and alloantibodies, have increasingly been recognized as causes of organ transplant rejection. In our previous studies, we have demonstrated the induction of antinuclear antibodies against histone H1 and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), in both experimental and clinical liver transplant tolerance. The active induction of antinuclear antibodies is usually an undesirable phenomenon, but it is often observed after liver transplantation. However, the release of nuclear antigens and its suppression by neutralizing antibodies are proposed to be important in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. In this review article, we summarize the current understanding of nuclear antigens and corresponding antinuclear regulatory antibodies (Abregs) on infection, injury, inflammation, transplant rejection, and tolerance induction and discuss the significance of nuclear antigens as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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April 13, 2013
Asthma and Wheezing Are Associated with Depression and Anxiety in Adults: An Analysis from 54 Countries
Pulmonary Medicine Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 929028, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/929028
Research Article
Asthma and Wheezing Are Associated with Depression and Anxiety in Adults: An Analysis from 54 Countries
1Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
2Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
3Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, P.O. Box 756, Wellington, New Zealand
2Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
3Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, P.O. Box 756, Wellington, New Zealand
Received 14 November 2012; Accepted 3 February 2013
Academic Editor: Stefano Centanni
Copyright © 2013 Kai On Wong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background. Asthma and depression are important public-health concerns worldwide. While some epidemiologic studies have shown asthma and wheezing to be associated with depression and anxiety, the patterns are unclear at the multinational level due to the lack of cross-study comparability. Our study examined the associations of self-reported asthma diagnosis and current wheezing with self-reported depression diagnosis and 30-day anxiety using an international survey. Methods. Using the 2002 World Health Survey, a standardized international survey conducted by the WHO, we estimated the associations between diagnosed asthma and current wheezing with diagnosed depression and 30-day anxiety via multiple logistic regressions for 54 countries worldwide. Results. Diagnosed depression and 30-day anxiety were associated with diagnosed asthma in 65% and 40% of the countries, respectively. Diagnosed depression and 30-day anxiety were associated with current wheezing in 83% and 82% of the countries, respectively. Conclusions. The association between asthma and depression was generally seen at the global level. These results indicated the importance of addressing the asthma-depression comorbidity as public-health and clinical management priorities, in order to improve the overall health of the countries.
Activation of coagulation, anti-coagulation, fibrinolysis and the complement system in patients with urticaria
Activation of coagulation, anti-coagulation, fibrinolysis and the complement system in patients with urticaria | |
Abstract
Background: Recently released studies indicate that activation of blood coagulation may be involved in causing urticaria.
Objective: To evaluate whether or not anticoagulation, fibrinolysis and the complement system are also involved in the pathogenesis of urticaria.
Methods: Coagulant factors, anticoagulant factors, fibrinolytic markers and complement components were analysed in patients with acute urticaria (AU) and chronic urticaria (CU).
Conclusion: The activation of coagulation, anti-coagulation, fibrinolysis and the complement system may be involved in the pathogenesis of urticaria. It also indicates that coagulation conditions in CU patients can recover after antihistamine treatment, but do not immediately return to normal levels directly after administration.Results: Plasma levels of activated factor VII (FVIIa) were higher in AU patients (P <0 .01="" but="" cu="" different="" em="" in="" not="" patients="" significantly="">P
while levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were decreased (P <0 .01="" c5a="" concentrations="" controls="" cu="" em="" healthy="" in="" of="" patients="" plasma="" superior="" those="" to="" were="">P <0 .01="" also="" c4="" em="" increased="" levels="" of="" serum="">P <0 .01="" strong="">
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Airway remodelling in asthma and novel therapy
Airway remodelling in asthma and novel therapy |
Abstract
Asthma is an airway inflammatory disease with functional and structural changes, leading to bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and airflow obstruction. Airway structural changes or airway remodelling consist of epithelial injury, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial layer thickening, airway smooth muscle hyperplasia and angiogenesis. These changes were previously considered as a consequence of chronic airway inflammation. However, several studies have demonstrated that inflammation and remodelling can occur as separate but parallel aspects of the asthmatic process. As such there is increasing evidence for the role of mechanocompressive forces within the asthmatic airway contributing to airway structural changes. Furthermore, it is unclear what is the best treatment to modify remodelling and which component to target. There is also a need to identify asthma phenotype that might specifically respond to novel therapies such as anti-IL5, anti-IL13 and tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Th17 Immunity in Children with Allergic Asthma and Rhinitis: A Pharmacological Approach
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Th17 Immunity in Children with Allergic Asthma and Rhinitis: A Pharmacological Approach
Abstract
Th17 cells and IL-17A play a role in the development and progression of allergic diseases. We analyzed the IL-17A levels in sputum supernatants (Ss), nasal wash (NW) and plasma (P) from Healthy Controls (HC) and children with Asthma/Rhinitis. We tested the expression of IL-17A, RORγ(t) and FOXP3 in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes from intermittent and mild-moderate asthma. The effect of Budesonide and Formoterol was tested “in vitro” on IL-17A, RORγ(t) and FOXP3 expression in cultured T-lymphocytes from mild-moderate asthma/persistent rhinitis patients, and on nasal and bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with NW and Ss from mild-moderate asthma/persistent rhinitis. Further, the effect of 12 weeks of treatment with Budesonide and Formoterol was tested “in vivo” in T-lymphocytes from mild-moderate asthma/persistent rhinitis patients. IL-17A was increased in Ss, NW and P from children with mild-moderate asthma compared with intermittent and HC. In cultured T-lymphocytes IL-17A and RORγ(t) expression were higher in mild-moderate asthma/persistent rhinitis than in mild-moderate asthma/intermittent rhinitis, while FOXP3 was reduced. Budesonide with Formoterol reduced IL-17A and RORγ(t), while increased FOXP3 in cultured T-lymphocytes from mild-moderate asthma/persistent rhinitis, and reduced the IL-8 release mediated by IL-17A present in NW and Ss from mild-moderate asthma/persistent rhinitis in nasal and bronchial epithelial cells. Finally, Budesonide with Formoterol reduced IL-17A levels in P and Ss, CD4+IL-17A+T-cells, in naïve children with mild-moderate asthma/persistent rhinitis after 12 weeks of treatment. Th17 mediated immunity may be involved in the airway disease of children with allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Budesonide with Formoterol might be a useful tool for its therapeutic control.
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