RESEARCH ARTICLE
Clinical Effectiveness of Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy: A Prospective Observational Multicenter Study of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Interest Group on Insect Venom Hypersensitivity
Abstract
Background
Treatment failure during venom immunotherapy (VIT) may be associated with a variety of risk factors.
Objective
Our aim was to evaluate the association of baseline serum tryptase concentration (BTC) and of other parameters with the frequency of VIT failure during the maintenance phase.
Methods
In this observational prospective multicenter study, we followed 357 patients with established honey bee or vespid venom allergy after the maintenance dose of VIT had been reached. In all patients, VIT effectiveness was either verified by sting challenge (n = 154) or patient self-reporting of the outcome of a field sting (n = 203). Data were collected on BTC, age, gender, preventive use of anti-allergic drugs (oral antihistamines and/or corticosteroids) right after a field sting, venom dose, antihypertensive medication, type of venom, side effects during VIT, severity of index sting reaction preceding VIT, and duration of VIT. Relative rates were calculated with generalized additive models.
Results
22 patients (6.2%) developed generalized symptoms during sting challenge or after a field sting. A strong association between the frequency of VIT failure and BTC could be excluded. Due to wide confidence bands, however, weaker effects (odds ratios - 3) of BTC were still possible, and were also suggested by a selective analysis of patients who had a sting challenge. The most important factor associated with VIT failure was a honey bee venom allergy. Preventive use of anti-allergic drugs may be associated with a higher protection rate.
Interpretation
It is unlikely that an elevated BTC has a strong negative effect on the rate of treatment failures. The magnitude of the latter, however, may depend on the method of effectiveness assessment. Failure rate is higher in patients suffering from bee venom allergy.
Citation: Ruëff F, Przybilla B, Biló MB, Müller U, Scheipl F, et al. (2013) Clinical Effectiveness of Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy: A Prospective Observational Multicenter Study of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Interest Group on Insect Venom Hypersensitivity. PLoS ONE 8(5): e63233. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063233
Editor: Edward Gautier Brooks, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, United States of America
Received: October 31, 2012; Accepted: April 1, 2013; Published: May 20, 2013
Copyright: © 2013 Ruëff et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This study (collection of the data) was supported by grants from Phadia, Freiburg, Germany and ALK Abelló, Wedel, Germany. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have the following interests. This study (collection of the data and shipping of the sera samples) was supported by grants from Phadia, Freiburg, Germany and ALK Abelló, Wedel, Germany. Measurement of baseline tryp-tase concentration was done by Phadia in Freiburg, Germany. M. Beatrice Bilò has received within the last five years travel grants and honoraria for speaking or participation at meetings from ALK-Abelló, Allergopharma, Astra, Glaxo, Meda, Menarini. She is member of the editorial board of European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and of Clinical and Translational Allergy. Floriano Bonifazi has received within the last five years travel grants and honoraria for speaking or participation at meetings from ALK-Abelló, Allergopharma, Chiesi, Glaxo, HAL Allergy, Meda, Menarini, Novartis, Thermo Fisher (former Phadia). Thomas Hawranek has received within the last five years travel grants and honoraria for speaking or participation at meetings from ALK-Abelló, MEDA and Thermo Fisher (former Phadia). He has participated in clinical studies for ALK-Abellò. He is member of several scientific associations. Helmut Küchenhoff has received research grants from ALK-Abelló and Thermo Fisher (former Phadia). Ulrich Müller has received within the last five years travel grants and honoraria for speaking or participation at meetings from ALK-Abelló and Thermo Fisher (former Phadia). He has participated in clinical studies of ALK-Abelló and Thermo Fisher (former Phadia). He is member of the interest group insect venom allergy of the EAACI. Bernhard Przybilla has received within the last five years travel grants and honoraria for speaking or participation at meetings from ALK-Abelló, Novartis, and Stallergenes, and for consulting Jansen. He is board member of the DGAKI and member of the editorial board of Allergologie and several scientific organisations (e.g. DDG). Franziska Ruëff has received within the last five years travel grants and honoraria for speaking or participation at meetings from ALK-Abelló, Bencard, HAL, Hans Karrer, Novartis, and Thermo Fisher (former Phadia). She has participated in clinical studies of Allergopharma, HAL, Novartis, and Pierre Fabre. She is chair of the interest group insect venom allergy of the EAACI and member of several scientific associations, e.g. DGAKI or DDG. She is member of the editorial board of Allergologie and Allergo Journal. Norbert Reider has received within the last five years travel grants and honoraria for speaking or participation at meetings from ALK-Abelló, Bencard, HAL, and Thermo Fisher (former Phadia). He has participated in clinical studies of ALK-Abelló, and HAL. Gunter Sturm has received within the last five years travel grants and honoraria for paid lectures from ALK-Abelló, and Thermo Fisher (former Phadia). Regina Treudler has received within the last five years travel grants and honoraria for speaking or participation at meetings from Abott, ALK-Abelló, Astellas, Basilea, Janssen-Cilag, MSD, Medea, Merckle Ricordati, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and Shire. She has participated in clinical studies for Abbott, Allergopharma, Astellas, Novartis, MSD, Pfizer, Stallergenes, Therakos. She received research funding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Fraunhofer Society, Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Disease, ALK-Abello, Allergopharma and Phadia. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.
