The combination of allergen immunotherapy and biologics for inhalant allergies: Exploring the synergy

Olivieri B, Günaydın FE, Corren J, Senna G, Durham SR. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2025 Apr;134(4):385-395. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.06.016. 

Abstract

Interplay between AIT and biologics in modulating allergic inflammation. 

The development of monoclonal antibodies that selectively target IgE and type 2 immunity has opened new possibilities in the treatment of allergies. Although they have been used mainly as single therapies found to have efficacy in the management of asthma and other T2-mediated diseases, there is a growing interest in using these monoclonal antibodies in combination with allergen immunotherapy (AIT). AIT has transformed the treatment of allergic diseases by aiming to modify the underlying immune response to allergens rather than just providing temporary symptom relief. 

Differences in Molecular Sensitization Profiles Between Spanish and Latin American Mite-Allergic Patients

Calzada D, Bartra J, Serrano CD, Riggioni S, Moran E, Maselli JP, Silva DL, Ramirez LF, Pascal M, Carnés J, Valero A.  J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2025 Apr 22;35(2):114-121. doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0968.

Objective: To analyze sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and to investigate the association between diagnostic findings and clinical severity in 218 allergic patients from 2 continents.

Methods: Mite-allergic patients were recruited by allergology departments in Latin America (n=88: Colombia, Costa Rica, and Guatemala) and Spain (n=130). All patients had allergic rhinitis with or without asthma and positive skin prick test results to D pteronyssinus. Specific IgE levels to D pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Der p 1, Der p 2, and Der p 23 were quantified using ImmunoCAP (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The allergenic profile was also determined by Western blotting. A comparative statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad software.

Results: Patients most frequently recognized Der p 2 (79%), followed by Der p 1 (73%) and Der p 23 (69%). The percentage of patients with asthma increased with the number of sensitizations; however, no statistically significant differences were found.

Gastrointestinal colonization as a source of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis

Theodora K Karagounis, Gregory Putzel, Magdalena Podkowik et al.
bioRxiv 2025.04.17.648849; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.17.648849

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease with complex pathogenesis. Both skin and gut microbiota influence AD, with Staphylococcus aureus, in particular, exacerbating the disease. However, the relationship between S. aureus colonization in the gut and skin, and whether it affects AD, remains unclear.

Assessing Nasal Nitric Oxide in Allergic Rhinitis: A Controversial Biomarker

Louca N, Damianou D, Kostea N, Kouis P, Yiallouros P, Pitsios C. Medicina. 2025; 61(3):516. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61030516

Abstract

Background and objectives: Increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) are produced in various inflammatory diseases like allergic asthma. Fractional exhaled NO has been studied as a biomarker of type 2 inflammation in asthma, while the use of nasal NO (nNO) as a diagnostic tool for allergic rhinitis (AR) is less established. In the present study, we investigated nNO as a potential biomarker for differentiating AR from nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). Materials and methods: Medical students were invited to complete a questionnaire on rhinitis symptoms.

Decoding the causal association between immune cells and three chronic respiratory diseases: Insights from a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study

Xie, A., He, Z., Song, C. et al. BMC Pulm Med 25, 183 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03641-w

Abstract

Background

Numerous studies have indicated the correlations of immune traits and chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). Whereas, causality is still implicative. Hence, our study was designed to investigate the causal relations utilizing bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) and to identify the immune traits of potential significance.

Methods

Using GWAS datasets, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine 731 immune traits associated with three CRDs: asthma, bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Six widely applied MR approaches, along with Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization analysis, were utilized to assess causality. Through extensive sensitivity assessments, heterogeneity and pleiotropy have been examined. For integrity, leave-one-out analysis was implemented as the final step.

Results

Graphical Abstract

Our study reveals 13 immune traits that may have a genetic basis for predicting the occurrence of CRDs

Allergic Rhinitis—Underrepresented Populations and Barriers to Healthcare Access

Peifer, S.J., Helmen, Z.M., Duffield, S., Shields, C., Mehra, S., Lerner, D.K. and Gadkaree, S.K. (2025), The Laryngoscope. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.32165

ABSTRACT

Objective

To establish the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR), categorized by demographics and barriers to healthcare, and the prevalence of antihistamine and nasal steroid use in these subgroups.

Methods

We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study utilizing the All of Us Database. Sociodemographic factors among AR patients were compared via Chi-Square analysis and multivariable logistic regression (MLR). Subgroups of AR patients with or without nasal steroid spray or oral antihistamine listed in the electronic health record (EHR) were compared via chi-square analysis and MLR.

Results

Demographic description of all patients vs. allergic rhinitis patients (AR)
in the All of Us database

47,224 participants were identified with AR, an 11.6% estimated prevalence. AR patients were more commonly White (12.8% vs. 10.6%, p < 0.001), female (13.1% vs. 9.1%, p < 0.001), and older than 65 (14.7% vs. 7.6% vs. 11.6%, p < 0.001). MLR identified older age (OR 1.018, CI: 1.017–1.018), income > $35,000 (OR 1.035, CI: 1.021–1.049), finishing high school/college (OR 1.140, CI: 1.113–1.167; OR 1.113, CI: 1.085, 1.142), and health insurance coverage (OR 2.003, CI: 1.924–2.087) as predictive factors for AR.

Risk Factors for Severe Disease Among Children Hospitalized With Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Kirolos N, Mtaweh H, Datta RR, et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(4):e254666. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.4666

Key Points

Question  What are the current risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection given the changing epidemiologic characteristics after the COVID-19 pandemic?

Findings  In this cohort study that included 709 cases of RSV-associated acute respiratory tract infection, severe disease was more likely among children aged 2 years or older with pulmonary and neurologic, neuromuscular, or developmental conditions; children younger than 2 years with a history of prematurity; or children younger than 6 months.

From Urticaria to Correct Diagnosis: A Case Report of Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes

Wang X, Zhou N, Zhi Y. J Asthma Allergy. 2025;18:539-544

https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S509939

 (A) and (B) Urticaria-like rash on legs and right arm

Abstract: Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is a rare autoinflammatory disorder often misdiagnosed as urticaria or urticarial vasculitis, thereby delaying treatment for patients. This report presents a large CAPS pedigree. The proband was a 57-year-old man with recurrent urticaria-like rash, fever, and arthralgia for more than 50 years and hearing loss for 28 years.