Prenatal Ambient Air Pollution Associations With DNA Methylation in Asthma and Allergy Relevant Genes: Findings from ECHO

Meredith Palmore, Emma E Thompson, Fang Fang et al. Environmental Epigenetics, 2025;, dvaf013, https://doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvaf013

ABSTRACT

Background

Prenatal exposure to air pollution is an important risk factor for child health outcomes, including asthma. Identification of DNA methylation changes associated with air pollutant exposure can provide new intervention targets to improve children’s health.

Objectives

To test the association between prenatal air pollutant exposure and DNA methylation in developmental and asthma/allergy relevant biospecimens (placenta, buccal, cord blood, nasal mucosa, and lavage).

Methods

A subset of 2,294 biospecimens collected from 1,906 child participants enrolled in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program with prenatal air pollutant and high-quality Illumina Asthma&Allergy DNA methylation array measures (n=37,197 probes) were included.

Rhinovirus as a driver of airway T cell dynamics in children with treatment-refractory recurrent wheeze

Bryant N, Muehling LM, Wavell K, Teague WG, Woodfolk JA.  JCI Insight. 2025 May 8;10(9):e189480. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.189480.

Abstract

Graphical Abstract

Severe asthma in children is notoriously difficult to treat, and its immunopathogenesis is complex. In particular, the contribution of T cells and relationships to antiviral immunity remain enigmatic. Here, we coupled deep phenotyping with machine learning methods to elucidate the dynamics of T cells in the lower airways of children with treatment-refractory recurrent wheeze, and examine rhinovirus (RV) as a driver. Our strategy revealed a T cell landscape dominated by type 1 and type 17 CD8+ signatures. Interrogation of phenotypic relationships coupled with trajectory mapping identified T cell migratory and differentiation pathways spanning the blood and airways that culminated in tissue residency, and involved transitions between type 1 and type 17 tissue-resident types.

Prevalence of Intolerance to Amines and Salicylates in Individuals with Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Fischer, K.; Jones, M.; O’Neill, H.M.Nutrients 2025, 17, 1628. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17101628

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Background/Objectives: Elimination diets targeting amines and salicylates have been used since the 1980s to diagnose pharmacological food intolerance in individuals with atopic dermatitis (eczema), yet supporting evidence regarding relevance is limited. To our knowledge, this systematic review with meta-analysis is the first to examine the prevalence and association between atopic dermatitis flares and amine intolerance (including histamine intolerance) and salicylate intolerance in individuals with atopic dermatitis. 

Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, searches of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane were conducted. Included studies involved children and adults with atopic dermatitis who underwent dietary elimination and double-blind placebo-controlled challenges involving histamine, other amines, or salicylates.

Application and research progress of artificial intelligence in allergic diseases

Tan H, Zhou X, Wu H, Wang M, Zhou H, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Li Q, Luo J, Su H, Sun X. Int J Med Sci 2025; 22(9):2088-2102. doi:10.7150/ijms.105422. https://www.medsci.org/v22p2088.htm

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI), as a new technology that can assist or even replace some human functions, can collect and analyse large amounts of textual, visual and auditory data through techniques such as Reinforcement Learning, Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Natural Language Processing to establish complex, non-linear relationships and construct models. 

These can support doctors in disease prediction, diagnosis, treatment and management, and play a significant role in clinical risk prediction, improving the accuracy of disease diagnosis, assisting in the development of new drugs, and enabling precision treatment and personalised management. In recent years, AI has been used in the prediction, diagnosis, treatment and management of allergic diseases.

Rilzabrutinib in Antihistamine-Refractory Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria The RILECSU Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial

Giménez-Arnau A, Ferrucci S, Ben-Shoshan M, et al. JAMA Dermatol. Published online April 23, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2025.0733

Key Points

Question  What is the efficacy and risk profile of rilzabrutinib, an oral reversible covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in adults with antihistamine-refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU)?

Findings  In this randomized clinical trial of 160 patients with moderate to severe CSU, rilzabrutinib, 1200 mg/d, significantly decreased patients’ weekly Urticaria Activity Score and its components (weekly Itch Severity Score and weekly Hives Severity Score) at week 12 and as early as week 1. No new risks were observed.

Meaning  Rilzabrutinib reduced itch and hives while maintaining a favorable risk-benefit profile, suggesting rilzabrutinib may be an efficacious treatment for patients with antihistamine-refractory moderate to severe CSU.

Abstract

Importance  Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a skin disease driven mainly by the activation of cutaneous mast cells through various mechanisms.

Clinical Benefits of a Randomized Allergy App Intervention in Grass Pollen Sufferers: A Controlled Trial.

Holzmann C, Karg J, Reiger M et al. Allergy. 2025 Apr 17. doi: 10.1111/all.16558. 

ABSTRACT

Background

Symptom monitoring can improve adherence to daily medication. However, controlled clinical trials on multi-modular allergy apps and their various functions have been difficult to implement.

Graphical Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the clinical benefit of an allergy app with varying numbers of functions in reducing symptoms and improving quality of (QoL) life in grass pollen allergic individuals. The secondary objective was to develop a symptom forecast based on patient-derived and environmental data.

Methods

We performed a stratified, controlled intervention study (May–August 2023) with grass pollen allergic participants (N = 167) in Augsburg, Germany.

Dermatologic presentations of hyper IgE syndrome in pediatric patients

Mahjoubi, M., Rashedi, R., Samieefar, N. et al. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 21, 20 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-025-00963-6

Abstract

Background

Generalized erythematous and excoriated papules
suggesting an eczematous dermatitis in a
10-year-old boy with HIES

Hyper-IgE Syndrome, also known as Job’s syndrome, is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by recurrent infections and elevated levels of immunoglobulin E. While respiratory and systemic manifestations have been more emphasized, dermatological manifestations in Hyper-IgE Syndrome also play a significant role in disease presentation.

Methods

This narrative review explores the dermatologic presentations of Hyper-IgE Syndrome in pediatric populations

First-in-Class Intranasal Epinephrine Spray for Anaphylaxis: Dose Finding Clinical Study

Lapidot, Tair et al. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global, Volume 0, Issue 0, 100487

Abstract

Background

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening clinical presentation of acute systemic allergic reactions. Timely administration of epinephrine, usually by intramuscular autoinjector, is a robust life-saving treatment. Despite the critical necessity, there are multiple deterrants to patients’ proper use of epinephrine autoinjectors. FMXIN002 is a novel nasal dry powder formulation of epinephrine in a single-use device, offering first-in-class alternative treatment.

Objective

To measure epinephrine pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety following a single administration of FMXIN002 at doses of 3.6 and 4.0 mg epinephrine versus IM autoinjector 0.3 mg, in healthy adults.

Methods

An open-label, single-dose, three-treatment, crossover, randomized, comparative bioavailability study with 12 healthy adults, female and male. FMXIN002 stability was also tested.

Results

FMXIN002 4.0 mg was absorbed faster and higher by most of the subjects, compared to IM autoinjector. 91% of subjects achieved the clinical threshold of 100 pg/mL plasma epinephrine at 6 minutes after administration of FMXIN002 4.0mg compared to 55% of subjects treated with IM autoinjector.