MINI REVIEW ARTICLE
Front. Immunol., 31 July 2013 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00220
Control of neutrophil inflammation at mucosal surfaces by secreted epithelial products
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
The human intestine is a large and delicately balanced organ, responsible for efficiently absorbing nutrients and selectively eliminating disease-causing pathogens. The gut architecture consists of a single layer of epithelial cells that forms a barrier against the food antigens and resident microbiota within the lumen. This barrier is augmented by a thick layer of mucus on the luminal side and an underlying lamina propria containing a resident population of immune cells. Attempted breaches of the intestinal barrier by pathogenic bacteria result in the rapid induction of a coordinated innate immune response that includes release of antimicrobial peptides, activation of pattern recognition receptors, and recruitment of various immune cells. In recent years, the role of epithelial cells in initiating this immune response has been increasingly appreciated. In particular, epithelial cells are responsible for the release of a variety of factors that attract neutrophils, the body’s trained bacterial killers. In this review we will highlight recent research that details a new understanding of how epithelial cells directionally secrete specific compounds at distinct stages of the inflammatory response in order to coordinate the immune response to intestinal microbes. In addition to their importance during the response to infection, evidence suggests that dysregulation of these pathways may contribute to pathologic inflammation during inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, a continued understanding of the mechanisms by which epithelial cells control neutrophil migration into the intestine will have tremendous benefits in both the understanding of biological processes and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
Keywords: hepoxilin, eicosanoids, neutrophil migration, Salmonella, intestinal inflammation, lipoxygenase, MRP2, lipid chemoattractant
Citation: Szabady RL and McCormick BA (2013) Control of neutrophil inflammation at mucosal surfaces by secreted epithelial products. Front. Immunol. 4:220. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00220
Received: 20 May 2013; Paper pending published: 12 June 2013;
Accepted: 15 July 2013; Published online: 31 July 2013.
Accepted: 15 July 2013; Published online: 31 July 2013.
Edited by:
Rajaraman D. Eri, University of Tasmania, Australia
Reviewed by:
Joseph N. Blattman, University of Washington, USAGeorge Hajishengallis, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Copyright: © 2013 Szabady and McCormick. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Rose L. Szabady, Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, AS8-2010, Worcester, MA 01604, USA e-mail: rose.szabady@umassmed.edu
No comments:
Post a Comment