REVIEW
Taek Ki Min, Sarbjit S Saini
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by typically short-lived and fleeting wheals, angioedema or both, which occur spontaneously and persist for longer than 6 weeks. This term is applied to the most common subtype of chronic urticaria. The underlying pathophysiology for CSU involves mast cell and basophil degranulation with release of histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators. Although a variety of treatments exist, many patients do not tolerate or benefit from the existing therapies and even require more effective treatments...
July 2019: Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
#2
REVIEW
Rebecca L Larsen, Natasha M Savage
Eosinophilia is typically secondary, that is, reactive, in nature and is associated with a wide variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders. Clonal eosinophilia is also seen in a wide variety of hematopoietic neoplasms, and sub-classification can be diagnostically challenging. A proper evaluation of persistent eosinophilia involves correlation of clinical history, laboratory data, cellular morphology, and ancillary testing. Knowledge of appropriate ancillary testing is necessary for a timely diagnosis...
April 2019: International Journal of Laboratory Hematology
#3
EDITORIAL
Helen K Reddel, J Mark FitzGerald, Eric D Bateman, Leonard B Bacharier, Allan Becker, Guy Brusselle, Roland Buhl, Alvaro A Cruz, Louise Fleming, Hiromasa Inoue, Fanny Wai-San Ko, Jerry A Krishnan, Mark L Levy, Jiangtao Lin, Søren E Pedersen, Aziz Sheikh, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Louis-Philippe Boulet
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
June 2019: European Respiratory Journal: Official Journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology
#4
Inmaculada Doña, Antonino Romano, María José Torres
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
September 2019: Allergy
#5
REVIEW
Werner J Pichler
Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) are based on distinct mechanisms and are clinically heterogeneous. Taking into account that also off-target activities of drugs may lead to stimulations of immune or inflammatory cells, three forms of DHR were discriminated: the allergic-immune mechanism relies on the covalent binding of drugs/chemicals to proteins, which thereby form new antigens, to which a humoural and/or cellular immune response can develop. In IgE-mediated drug allergies, a possible tolerance mechanism to the drug during sensitization and the need of a covalent hapten-carrier link for initiation, but not for elicitation of IgE-mediated reactions is discussed...
August 2019: Allergy
#6
REVIEW
Ting-Lin B Yang, Brian S Kim
Although evolutionarily conserved to expel ectoparasites and aid in the clearance of toxins and noxious environmental stimuli from the host, the type 2 immune response can become pathologic in the setting of a variety of allergic disorders. Itch can be a behavioral extension of type 2 immunity by evoking scratching and, in the setting of disease, can become chronic and thus highly pathologic as well. Classically, our understanding of itch mechanisms has centered around the canonical IgE-mast cell-histamine axis...
August 2019: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
#7
REVIEW
Erica S Shenoy, Eric Macy, Theresa Rowe, Kimberly G Blumenthal
Importance: β-Lactam antibiotics are among the safest and most effective antibiotics. Many patients report allergies to these drugs that limit their use, resulting in the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics that increase the risk for antimicrobial resistance and adverse events. Observations: Approximately 10% of the US population has reported allergies to the β-lactam agent penicillin, with higher rates reported by older and hospitalized patients. Although many patients report that they are allergic to penicillin, clinically significant IgE-mediated or T lymphocyte-mediated penicillin hypersensitivity is uncommon (<5 div="">
January 15, 2019: JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association
#8
REVIEW
Duvuru Geetha, J Ashley Jefferson
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation and destruction of small- and medium-sized blood vessels and the presence of circulating ANCA. Clinical disease phenotypes include granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and renal-limited vasculitis. Serologic classification of AAV into proteinase 3-ANCA disease and myeloperoxidase-ANCA disease correlates with a number of disease characteristics...
July 26, 2019: American Journal of Kidney Diseases: the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
#9
REVIEW
Kayla M Fourzali, Gil Yosipovitch
Chronic itch is common in the elderly patient and may be caused by a variety of known dermatologic and non-dermatologic conditions and can have a significant effect on quality of life. Age-related changes in barrier function, immunosenescence, and neuronal changes and neuropathies are common predisposing factors to chronic itch in this age group. Certain primary dermatologic conditions are more common in the elderly and can cause chronic itch. Also, co-morbid diseases particularly of the renal, hepatobiliary, or hematologic systems, psychologic conditions, or medications may contribute to chronic itch in this population...
September 23, 2019: Dermatology and Therapy
#10
REVIEW
Christine McCusker, Julia Upton, Richard Warrington
Primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) refers to a large heterogeneous group of disorders that result from defects in immune system development and/or function. PIDs are broadly classified as disorders of adaptive immunity (i.e., T cell, B-cell or combined immunodeficiencies) or of innate immunity (e.g., phagocyte and complement disorders). Although the clinical manifestations of PIDs are highly variable, many disorders involve an increased susceptibility to infection. Early consultation with a clinical immunologist is essential, as timely diagnosis and treatment are imperative for preventing significant disease-associated morbidity...
2018: Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology
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