Abstract
The prevalence of food allergy and food-induced anaphylaxis in children is increasing worldwide. Cow’s milk, hen’s egg, and wheat allergies in young children have more favorable prognosis with relatively early outgrow, while allergies to peanut, tree nuts, and seafood have higher tendency to be persistent. Although we still have an inadequate understanding about the mechanism underlying the resolution of food allergy, the roles of dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, and regulatory B cells are known to be important. Many past studies on the natural course of food allergy have been retrospective analyses of specific study groups, but recently, large-scale population-based prospective studies are being published.
This review includes a summary of recent studies on the natural course of cow’s milk, hen’s egg, wheat, peanut, tree nuts, soy, sesame, and seafood allergies. The potential factors affecting the natural course of food allergy would be the symptom severity on ingestion, age at diagnosis, allergic comorbidities, skin prick test size or serum food-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels, the change in the degree of sensitization, IgE epitope specificity, the ratio of food-specific IgE and IgG4, food-specific IgA levels, component-resolved diagnostics profile, diet, gut microbiome, and interventions such as immunotherapy. Since food allergy places a significant burden on patients and their caregivers in their daily life, clinicians would be able to provide relevant knowledge on the natural course of food allergy, appropriately evaluate the resolution of food allergy, and offer therapeutic options if possible.
The prevalence of food allergy and food-induced anaphylaxis in children is increasing worldwide. Cow’s milk, hen’s egg, and wheat allergies in young children have more favorable prognosis with relatively early outgrow, while allergies to peanut, tree nuts, and seafood have higher tendency to be persistent. Although we still have an inadequate understanding about the mechanism underlying the resolution of food allergy, the roles of dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, and regulatory B cells are known to be important. Many past studies on the natural course of food allergy have been retrospective analyses of specific study groups, but recently, large-scale population-based prospective studies are being published.
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