Portela D, Freitas A, Costa E, Giovannini M, Bousquet J, Almeida Fonseca J, Sousa-Pinto B. J Med Internet Res. 2025 Mar 10;27:e51804. doi: 10.2196/51804.
Abstract
Background:
Google Trends (GT) data have shown promising results as a complementary tool to classical surveillance approaches. However, GT data are not necessarily provided by a representative sample of patients and may be skewed toward demographic and clinical groups that are more likely to use the internet to search for their health.
Objective:
In this study, we aimed to assess whether GT-based models perform differently in distinct population subgroups. To assess that, we analyzed a case study on asthma hospitalizations.
Methods:
We analyzed all hospitalizations with a main diagnosis of asthma occurring in 3 different countries (Portugal, Spain, and Brazil) for a period of approximately 5 years (January 1, 2012-December 17, 2016).
Data on web-based searches on common cold for the same countries and time period were retrieved from GT. We estimated the correlation between GT data and the weekly occurrence of asthma hospitalizations (considering separate asthma admissions data according to patients’ age, sex, ethnicity, and presence of comorbidities). In addition, we built autoregressive models to forecast the weekly number of asthma hospitalizations (for the different aforementioned subgroups) for a period of 1 year (June 2015-June 2016) based on admissions and GT data from the 3 previous years.Results:
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Predicted number (estimated based on previous hospitalizations and Google Trends data) and observed number of asthma hospitalizations |
Conclusions:
We observed that the models based on GT data may perform differently in demographic and clinical subgroups of participants, possibly reflecting differences in the composition of internet users’ health-seeking behaviors.
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