CD8+ Tregs ameliorate inflammatory reactions in a murine model of allergic rhinitis

• Research
• Open Access
• 
  

• Lin Lin, 
• Fei Dai, 
• Jinjin Wei & 
• Zheng Chen 

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology volume 17, Article number: 74 (2021) 

• details

Abstract

Background

CD8+CD25+fork-head box transcription factor (Foxp3)+ regulatory T cells (CD8+ Tregs) play a role in immune tolerance. However, the role of these cells in allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been elucidated. The study aimed to evaluate influences of CD8+ Tregs on inflammatory conditions in a murine model of AR.

Transcutaneous penetration of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) compared to a full-size antibody: potential tool for atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment

• Short Report
• Open Access
• 
  

• Audrey Baylet, 
• Raoul Vyumvuhore, 
• Marine Laclaverie, 
• Laëtitia Marchand, 
• Carine Mainzer, 
• Sylvie Bordes, 
• Brigitte Closs-Gonthier & 
• Laurent Delpy 

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology volume 17, Article number: 73 (2021) 

Abstract: Currently, several biologics are used for the treatment of cutaneous pathologies such as atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis or skin cancers. The main administration routes are subcutaneous and intravenous injections. However, little is known about antibody penetration through the skin. The aim was to study the transcutaneous penetration of a reduced-size antibody as a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) compared to a whole antibody (Ab) and to determine its capacity to neutralize an inflammatory cytokine involved in AD such as human interleukin-4 (hIL-4).

Residual respiratory impairment after COVID-19 pneumonia

• Research
• Open Access

• Francesco Lombardi, 
• Angelo Calabrese, 
• Bruno Iovene, 
• Chiara Pierandrei, 
• Marialessia Lerede, 
• Francesco Varone, 
• Luca Richeldi, 
• Giacomo Sgalla on behalf of 
• the Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group

BMC Pulmonary Medicine volume 21, Article number: 241 (2021) 

Abstract

Introduction

The novel coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 can infect the respiratory tract causing a spectrum of disease varying from mild to fatal pneumonia, and known as COVID-19. Ongoing clinical research is assessing the potential for long-term respiratory sequelae in these patients. We assessed the respiratory function in a cohort of patients after recovering from SARS-Cov-2 infection, stratified according to PaO2/FiO2 (p/F) values.

Method

Approximately one month after hospital discharge, 86 COVID-19 patients underwent physical examination, arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and six-minute walk test (6MWT).

Personalized medicine and allergen immunotherapy: the beginning of a new era?

• Commentary
• Open Access
• 
  

• Cristoforo Incorvaia, 
• Erminia Ridolo, 
• Diego Bagnasco, 
• Silvia Scurati & 
• Giorgio Walter Canonica 

Clinical and Molecular Allergy volume 19, Article number: 10 (2021) 

• details

Abstract

The concept of personalized medicine as a diagnostic and therapeutic approach tailored to the medical needs of each patient is currently revolutionizing all fields of medicine and in particular allergology. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) meets the three main needs for precision medicine: identification of molecular mechanism of disease, diagnostic tools for the mechanism and treatment blocking the mechanism itself.

EAACI 2021 - Clinical cases in discussion (3 patients, 3 experts & 1 solution)

 

Systemic reactions to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy: real-world cause and effect modelling

• Research
• Open Access
• 
  

• Adam Aue, 
• Joella Ho, 
• Rongbo Zhu, 
• Harold Kim & 
• Samira Jeimy 

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology volume 17, Article number: 65 (2021) 

• details

Abstract

Background

Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. However, adverse events, including life-threatening systemic reactions, may occur. The purpose of this project is to identify risk factors for systemic reactions to SCIT and to provide practice-based solutions using a quality improvement (QI) framework.

Methods

A QI initiative was performed in a hospital-based, Canadian Allergy clinic administering SCIT in a 12-month period.

Management of allergic rhinitis with leukotriene receptor antagonists versus selective H1-antihistamines: a meta-analysis of current evidence

• Review
• Open Access
• 
  

• Yan Feng, 
• Ya-Ping Meng, 
• Ying-Ying Dong, 
• Chang-Yu Qiu & 
• Lei Cheng 

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology volume 17, Article number: 62 (2021) 

• details

Abstract

Background

Inconsistencies remain regarding the effectiveness and safety of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) and selective H1-antihistamines (SAHs) for allergic rhinitis (AR). A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to compare the medications.

Real-life evidence of low-dose mepolizumab efficacy in EGPA: a case series

• Letter to the Editor
• Open Access
• 
  

• Aikaterini Detoraki, 
• Eugenio Tremante, 
• Remo Poto, 
• Emanuela Morelli, 
• Giuseppe Quaremba, 
• Francescopaolo Granata, 
• Antonio Romano, 
• Ilaria Mormile, 
• Francesca Wanda Rossi, 
• Amato de Paulis & 
• Giuseppe Spadaro 

Respiratory Research volume 22, Article number: 185 (2021)

Abstract

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare, small vessel, necrotizing vasculitis. The disease is mainly characterized by hypereosinophilia and asthma with frequent sinonasal involvement, although multiple organs can be affected, including the heart, lungs, skin, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and nervous system. IL-5 production is pathogenetically central for the development of the disease by promoting proliferation, transvascular migration and functional activation of eosinophils.

Genetics and Epigenetics of Nasal Polyposis: A Systematic Review

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2021; Vol 31(3) : 196-211
doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0673

Martin MJ1,2,3, Garcia-Sanchez A1,2,4, Estravis M1,2,4, Gil-Melcón M5, Isidoro-Garcia M1,2,6,7, Sanz C1,2,8, Davila I1,2,4,9

• Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses that is often associated with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) in the most severe cases. As in other complex diseases, genetic factors are thought to play an important role in the risk and development of the disease. Environment may also modulate the epigenetic signature in affected patients. In the present systematic review, we aimed to compile all published data on genetic and epigenetic variations in CRSwNP since 2000. We found 104 articles, 24 of which were related to epigenetic studies. We identified more than 150 genetic variants in 99 genes involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. These were clustered into 8 main networks, linking genes involved in inflammation and immune response (eg, MHC), cytokine genes (eg, TNF), leukotriene metabolism, and the extracellular matrix. A total of 89 miRNAs were also identified; these are associated mainly with biological functions such as the cell cycle, inflammation, and the immune response. We propose a potential relationship between genes and the miRNAs identified that may open new lines of investigation. An in-depth knowledge of gene variants and epigenetic traits could help us to design more tailored treatment for patients with CRSwNP. 

PDF

HealthSWEDE: costs with sublingual immunotherapy—a Swedish questionnaire study

• Research
• Open Access
• 
  

• Petter Olsson, 
• Carl Skröder, 
• Lars Ahlbeck, 
• Frida Hjalte, 
• Karl-Olof Welin, 
• Ulla Westin, 
• Morgan Andersson, 
• Cecilia Ahlström-Emanuelsson & 
• Lars-Olaf Cardell 

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology volume 17, Article number: 55 (2021) 

• details

Abstract

Background

The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to compare the health-economic consequences for allergic rhinitis (AR) patients treated with sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) in terms of direct and indirect costs with a reference population of patients receiving standard of care pharmacological therapy.

IL-31, itch and hematological malignancies

 

Review Open Access

• 
  

• Eleonora Di Salvo, 
• Alessandro Allegra, 
• Marco Casciaro & 
• Sebastiano Gangemi 

Clinical and Molecular Allergy volume 19, Article number: 8 (2021) 

Abstract

Pruritus is one of the most common symptoms experienced by neoplastic patients. The pathogenesis of neoplastic itch is complex and multifactorial and could be due to an unbalanced production of humoral mediators by altered immune effector cells. IL-31 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by CD4 + T helper cells. The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of this Th2 cytokine and its receptor IL-31RA, in the onset of neoplastic pruritus.

Self-reported vs. objectively assessed adherence to inhaled corticosteroids in asthma

• Research
• Open Access
• 
  

• Frodi Fridason Jensen, 
• Kjell E. J. Håkansson, 
• Britt Overgaard Nielsen, 
• Ulla Møller Weinreich & 
• Charlotte Suppli Ulrik 

Asthma Research and Practice volume 7, Article number: 7 (2021) 

Abstract

Background

Adherence to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in asthma is vital for disease control. However, obtaining reliable and clinically useful measures of adherence remains a major challenge. We investigated the association between patient-reported adherence and objectively measured adherence based on filled prescriptions with inhaled corticosteroids in adults with asthma.

Direct effects of mast cell proteases, tryptase and chymase, on bronchial epithelial integrity proteins and anti-viral responses

• Research article
• Open Access
• 
  

• Sangeetha Ramu, 
• Hamid Akbarshahi, 
• Sofia Mogren, 
• Frida Berlin, 
• Samuel Cerps, 
• Mandy Menzel, 
• Morten Hvidtfeldt, 
• Celeste Porsbjerg, 
• Lena Uller & 
• Cecilia K. Andersson 

BMC Immunology volume 22, Article number: 35 (2021) 

• details

Abstract

Background

Mast cells (MCs) are known to contribute to both acute and chronic inflammation. Bronchial epithelial cells are the first line of defence against pathogens and a deficient anti-viral response has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma exacerbations. However, effects of MC mediators on bronchial epithelial immune response have been less studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the direct effects of stimulation with MC proteases, tryptase and chymase, on inflammatory and anti-viral responses in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs).