Staphylococcal enterotoxin specific IgE and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Hypothesis & Experience  Open Access

|    Asia Pac Allergy. 2013 Apr;3(2):120-126. English. Published online 2013 April 26.  http://dx.doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.2013.3.2.120  Copyright © 2013. Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology. Staphylococcal enterotoxin specific IgE and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis Woo-Jung Song,1,2 Eun-Jung Jo,3 Ji-Won Lee,1,2 Hye-Ryun Kang,1,2 Sang-Heon Cho,1,2 Kyung-Up Min,1,2 andYoon-Seok Chang1,2,4 1Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. 2Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-799, Korea. 3Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan 602-739, Korea. 4Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Korea.  Correspondence: Yoon-Seok Chang. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-707, Korea. Tel: +82-31-787-7023, Fax: +82-31-787-4052, Email: addchang@snu.ac.kr  Received March 19, 2013; Accepted March 22, 2013. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background Recent literature suggests that Staphylococcal enterotoxin specific IgE may be a risk factor for asthma. Objective To investigate the associations between Staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization and asthma. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed for relevant case-control or population-based studies, published in the peer-reviewed journals until February 2013. Data were extracted on study designs, subjects, definitions and the prevalence of Staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization. Results A total of 683 studies were initially identified, of which 7 studies finally met the inclusion criteria (5 case-control and 2 population-based studies). All the included studies reported higher prevalence of the sensitization in asthmatics than in controls, despite clinical and methodological heterogeneity. In a meta-analysis, the pooled odds ratio of the sensitization for asthma was 2.95 (95% confidence intervals 2.28-3.82). Conclusion Staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization was significantly associated with asthma. The mechanisms of associations warrant further elucidation. Keywords: Asthma, Staphylococcus, Meta-analysis. Full Text

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia related to a mesalazine suppository

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Case Report  Open Access

|    Asia Pac Allergy. 2013 Apr;3(2):136-139. English. Published online 2013 April 26.  http://dx.doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.2013.3.2.136  Copyright © 2013. Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia related to a mesalazine suppository Jung Hyun Kim,1 June-Hyuk Lee,1 Eun-Suk Koh,2 Sung woo Park,1 An-Soo Jang,1 Dojin Kim,1 and Choon-Sik Park1 1Division of Respiratory and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 420-767, Korea. 2Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 420-767, Korea.  Correspondence: June-Hyuk Lee. Division of Respiratory and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170, jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 420-767, Korea. Tel: +82-32-621-5154, Fax: +82-32-621-6950, Email: junehyuk@schmc.ac.kr  Received July 25, 2012; Accepted February 24, 2013. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract It has been well known that mesalazine can cause the interstitial lung disease, such as Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP), Non-Specific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP), or eosinophilic pneumonia. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), mesalazine, and sulfasalazine are important drugs for treating inflammatory bowel disease. Topical products of these limited systemic absorption and have less frequent side effects, therefore suppository form of these drugs have been used more than systemic drug. Most cases of measalzine-induced lung toxicity develop from systemic use of the drug. A 30-year-old woman had an interstitial lung disease after using mesalazine suppository because of ulcerative colitis. The lung biopsy demonstrated eosinophilic pneumonia combined with BOOP. She was recovered after stopping of mesalazine suppository and treatment with systemic steroid. Keywords: Eosinophilic pneumonia, Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia, Mesalazine, Suppository. Full Text

• PLoS One
• v.8(5); 2013
• PMC3650053

PLoS One. 2013; 8(5): e63063.

Published online 2013 May 9. doi:  10.1371/journal.pone.0063063

PMCID: PMC3650053

Purification and Immunobiochemical Characterization of a 31 kDa Cross-Reactive Allergen from Phaseolus vulgaris (Kidney Bean)

Ramkrashan Kasera,^1,2 Anand Bahadur Singh,¹ Shakuntala Lavasa,³ Komarla Nagendra,⁴ and Naveen Arora^1,2,*

William R. Abrams, Editor

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Abstract

Background

Legumes are a rich source of proteins but are also potential elicitors of IgE-mediated food allergy. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a major allergen of Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) and determine its allergenicity.

Methodology

Kidney bean allergen was purified using Q Sepharose column (anion exchanger) and eluates with high intensity were pooled to purify protein using Superdex 75 (gel filtration) and C₁₈ column (RP-HPLC). Patients with history of kidney bean allergy were skin prick tested (SPT) with crude kidney bean extract and the purified protein. Specific IgE was estimated in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Characterization of purified protein and its cross-reactivity was investigated by immunobiochemical methods. Identification of purified protein was carried out by tandem mass spectrometry.

Principal Findings

Purified protein appeared as a single band at 31 kDa on SDS-PAGE and showed IgE binding to 88% patients’ sera by ELISA and immunoblotting. SPT with purified protein identified 78% hypersensitive patients of kidney bean. Significant release of histamine from sensitized basophils was observed after challenge with purified protein. PAS staining suggested it to be a glycoprotein, but no change in IgE binding was observed after periodate oxidation. The 31 kDa protein remained stable for 60 min on incubation with pepsin. The purified protein had high allergenic potential since it required only 102 ng of self protein for 50% IgE inhibition. Mass spectrometric analysis identified it as Phytohemagglutinin. It also showed hemagglutination with human RBCs. Cross-reactivity was observed with peanut and black gram with IC₅₀ of 185 and 228 ng respectively.

Conclusion/Significance

A 31 kDa major allergen of kidney bean was purified and identified as phytohemagglutinin with cross-reactivity to peanut and black gram.

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Research article

Prospective analysis of human leukocyte functional tests reveals metal sensitivity in patients with hip implant

Csaba Vermes, József Kuzsner, Tamás Bárdos and Péter Than

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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2013, 8:12 doi:10.1186/1749-799X-8-12

Published: 16 May 2013

Abstract (provisional)

Background

The aim of the study was to examine the reactivity of peripheral human leukocytes to various metal ions prior and following hip replacement in order to investigate implant-induced metal sensitivity.

Methods

Three patient groups were set up: (1) individuals without implants and no history of metal allergy (7 cases), (2) individuals without implants and known history of metal allergy (7 cases), and (3) patients undergoing cementless hip replacement (40 cases). Blood samples were taken in groups 1 and 2 at three different occasions; in group 3, prior and 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery. Peripheral leukocytes were separated and left either untreated or challenged with Ti, NiCl2, CoCl2, CrCl3, and phytohemagglutinin. Cell proliferation, cytokine release, and leukocyte migration inhibition assays were performed. Metal-induced reactivity was considered when all three assays showed significant change. Skin patch tests were also carried out.

Results

Both skin patch tests and leukocyte functional tests were negative in group 1, and both were positive in group 2. In group 3, after 6 months, 12% of the patients showed reactivity to the tested metals except for NiCl2. Following the 36-month period, 18% of group three became sensitive to metals (including all the earlier 12%). In contrast, patch tests were negative at each time point in group 3.

Conclusions

Orthopedic implant material may induce metal reactivity after implantation in a manner where susceptibility is yet to be elucidated. Leukocyte triple assay technique might be a useful tool to test implant material-related sensitivity.

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Learn the basics of spirometry testing through examples of proper and improper efforts.

Learn the basics of spirometry testing through examples of proper and improper efforts.

• Int J Pharm Investig >
• v.2(4); Oct-Dec 2012 >
• PMC3618632

Int J Pharm Investig. 2012 Oct-Dec; 2(4): 169–175.

doi:  10.4103/2230-973X.106981

PMCID: PMC3618632

Formulation strategies for drug delivery of tacrolimus: An overview

Pranav Patel, Hitesh Patel, Shital Panchal,¹ and Tejal Mehta²

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Abstract

Tacrolimus (FK 506) is a potent macrolide lactone immunosuppressive agent used for prophylaxis of organ rejection after transplantation and graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation in patients. Moreover, tacrolimus is a drug of choice in the treatment of atopic dermatitis for decreasing side effects associated with the use of topical corticosteroids. In spite of its success in ensuring graft survival, therapeutic use of tacrolimus is complicated due to its narrow therapeutic index (between 5 and 15 ng/ml). Tacrolimus has a large inter-/intra-patient variability in pharmacokinetics profile and a poor oral bioavailability because of its poor solubility, P-gp efflux, marked pre-systemic metabolism by CYP3A in the enterocytes and liver first pass effect. Several formulation approaches such as oily solution, solid dispersions, complexation with cyclodextrins, liposomes etc., have been investigated to improve oral delivery of FK 506. In this review, we have discussed various formulation approaches that have been undertaken by various researchers to solve the problems related to the drug delivery of tacrolimus.

Keywords: Bioavailability, drug delivery systems, nanocapsule, self-microemulsifying drug delivery system, tacrolimus

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Articles from International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation are provided here courtesy of Medknow Publications

Characterization of food allergies in patients with atopic dermatitis

Original Research  Open Access      |    Nutr Res Pract. 2013 Apr;7(2):115-121. English. Published online 2013 April 01.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2013.7.2.115  ©2013 The Korean Nutrition Society and the Korean Society of Community Nutrition Characterization of food allergies in patients with atopic dermatitis Jaryoung Kwon,1 Jungyun Kim,2 Sunheui Cho,1 Geunwoong Noh,3 and Sang Sun Lee1 1Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea. 2Department of Food and Nutrition, Seojeong College, Yangju 482-777, Korea. 3Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea.  Corresponding Author: Sang Sun Lee, Tel. 82-2-2220-1206, Fax. 82-2-2281-8285, Email:leess@hanyang.ac.kr  Received August 28, 2012; Revised November 30, 2012; Accepted December 12, 2012. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract We examined the characteristics of food allergy prevalence and suggested the basis of dietary guidelines for patients with food allergies and atopic dermatitis. A total of 2,417 patients were enrolled in this study. Each subject underwent a skin prick test as well as serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) measurement. A double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge was conducted using milk, eggs, wheat, and soybeans, and an oral food challenge was performed using beef, pork, and chicken. Food allergy prevalence was found among 50.7% in patients with atopic dermatitis. Among patients with food allergies (n = 1,225), the prevalence of non-IgE-mediated food allergies, IgE-mediated food allergies, and mixed allergies was discovered in 94.9%, 2.2%, and 2.9% of the patients, respectively. Food allergy prevalence, according to food item, was as follows: eggs = 21.6%, milk = 20.9%, wheat = 11.8%, soybeans = 11.7%, chicken = 11.7%, pork = 8.9% and beef = 9.2%. The total number of reactions to different food items in each patient was also variable at 45.1%, 30.6%, 15.3%, 5.8%, 2.2%, and 1.0% for 1 to 6 reactions, respectively. The most commonly seen combination in patients with two food allergies was eggs and milk. The clinical severity of the reactions observed in the challenge test, in the order of most to least severe, were wheat, beef, soybeans, milk, pork, eggs, and chicken. The minimum and maximum onset times of food allergy reactions were 0.2-24 hrs for wheat, 0.5-48 hrs for beef, 1.0-24 hrs for soybeans, 0.7-24 hrs for milk, 3.0-24 hrs for pork, 0.01-72 hrs for eggs, and 3.0-72 hrs for chicken. In our study, we examined the characteristics of seven popular foods. It will be necessary, however, to study a broader range of foods for the establishment of a dietary guideline. Our results suggest that it may be helpful to identify food allergies in order to improve symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis. Keywords: Food allergy, atopic dermatitis, non-IgE-mediated allergy, IgE-mediated allergy.      |