Journal of Asthma and Allergy

Racial differences in the association of CD14 polymorphisms with serum total IgE levels and allergen skin test reactivity

Original Research

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Authors: Wang ZY, Sundy JS, Foss CM, Barnhart HX, Palmer SM, Allgood SD, Trudeau E, Alexander KM, Levesque MC

Published Date June 2013 Volume 2013:6 Pages 81 - 92

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S42695

Received:	12 January 2013
Accepted:	08 April 2013
Published:	25 June 2013

ZongYao Wang,¹ John S Sundy,¹ Catherine M Foss,¹ Huiman X Barnhart,² Scott M Palmer,¹ Sallie D Allgood,³ Evan Trudeau,¹ Katie M Alexander,³ Marc C Levesque^3
1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, ²Duke Clinical Research Institute,³Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

Background: The CD14 C-159T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been investigated widely as a candidate genetic locus in patients with allergic disease. There are conflicting results for the association of the CD14 C-159T SNP with total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and atopy. There are limited data regarding the association of the CD14 C-159T SNP in subjects of African ancestry. The aim of the study was to determine whether the C-159T SNP and other CD14 SNPs (C1188G, C1341T) were associated with total serum IgE levels and with allergy skin test results in nonatopic and atopic subjects; as well as in Caucasian and African American subjects.
Methods: A total of 291 participants, 18–40 years old, were screened to determine whether they were atopic and/or asthmatic. Analyses were performed to determine the association between CD14 C-159T, C1188G, or C1341T genotypes with serum IgE levels and with the number of positive skin tests among Caucasian or African American subjects.
Results: We found no significant association of serum total IgE level with CD14 C-159T, C1188G, or C1341T genotypes within nonatopic or atopic subjects. Subjects with CD14-159 T alleles had significantly more positive allergen skin tests than subjects without CD14-159 T alleles (P = 0.0388). There was a significant association between the CD14 1188 G allele, but not the CD14 1341 T allele, with the number of positive skin-test results in Caucasians, but not in African Americans.
Conclusion: These results support a possible association between CD14 polymorphisms and atopy. CD14-159 T or CD14 1188 G alleles were associated with atopic disease. For subjects with CD14 1188 G alleles, the association with atopic disease was stronger in Caucasians compared to African Americans.

Keywords: total serum immunoglobulin E, IgE, skin prick test, SPT, CD14-159T, single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP, lipopolysaccharide, LPS, endotoxin



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Gastrin-Releasing Peptide-Expressing Nerves Comprise Subsets of Human Cutaneous Aδ and C Fibers that May Sense Pruritus

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Letter to the Editor

Journal of Investigative Dermatology advance online publication 11 July 2013; doi: 10.1038/jid.2013.194

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide-Expressing Nerves Comprise Subsets of Human Cutaneous Aδ and C Fibers that May Sense Pruritus
^JIDOpen

Theresa R Timmes^1,2, Robert Rothbaum^1,2,  Kirti¹, Claudine Y Silva¹, Jag Bhawan¹, Deborah L Cummins¹ and Deon Wolpowitz¹

¹Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Correspondence: Deon Wolpowitz, E-mail: dewolpow@bu.edu

²These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abbreviations: 

CGRP, calcitonin gene–related peptide; DEJ, dermoepidermal junction; GRP, gastrin-releasing peptide; GRPR, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor; IENF, intraepidermal nerve fibre; NF200, neurofilament 200; PGP9.5, protein gene product 9.5; SP, substance P; TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1

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Neonatal Host Defense against Staphylococcal Infections

Clinical and Developmental Immunology
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 826303, 9 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/826303

Review Article

Neonatal Host Defense against Staphylococcal Infections

Melanie R. Power Coombs,¹ Kenny Kronforst,^2,3 and Ofer Levy^4,5

¹Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
²Lurie Children's Hospital Chicago, IL 60611, USA
³Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
⁴Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
⁵Human Biology & Translational Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Received 19 March 2013; Revised 14 May 2013; Accepted 14 May 2013

Academic Editor: Tobias R. Kollmann

Copyright © 2013 Melanie R. Power Coombs et al. This is an open access article distributed under theCreative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Preterm infants are especially susceptible to late-onset sepsis that is often due to Gram-positive bacterial infections resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Herein, we will describe neonatal innate immunity to Staphylococcus spp. comparing differences between preterm and full-term newborns with adults. Newborn innate immunity is distinct demonstrating diminished skin integrity, impaired Th1-polarizing responses, low complement levels, and diminished expression of plasma antimicrobial proteins and peptides, especially in preterm newborns. Characterization of distinct aspects of the neonatal immune response is defining novel approaches to enhance host defense to prevent and/or treat staphylococcal infection in this vulnerable population.

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A relapse of near-fatal thunderstorm-asthma in pregnancy

Vol 45, No 3 (2013) > D'Amato

A relapse of near-fatal thunderstorm-asthma in pregnancy

G. D'Amato, A. Corrado, L. Cecchi, et al.

Abstract

Thunderstorm-related asthma is a dramatic example of the allergenic potential of pollen antigens. Pollen allergic patientswho encounter the allergenic cloud of pollen during a thunderstorm are at higher risk of having an asthma attack. Relapse is also possible and we describe here the first case of relapse of near fatal thunderstorm-asthma occurred in a 36 years old, 20 weeks pregnant woman affected by seasonal asthma and sensitized to allergens released by Parietariapollen. Patients suffering from pollen allergy should be alerted of the danger of being outdoors during a thunderstorm in the pollen season and if they experienced an episode of severe thunderstorm-related asthma could be at risk of a relapse during a heavy precipitation event.

Keywords

Thunderstorm-asthma; Near fatal asthma; Asthma in pregnancy

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Mechanisms of Asthma and Implications for Its Prevention and Treatment: A Personal Journey

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Review  Open Access

|    Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2013 Jun;5:e174. English. Published online 2013 June 25.  Copyright © 2013 The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology • The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease Mechanisms of Asthma and Implications for Its Prevention and Treatment: A Personal Journey Stephen T Holgate Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, UK.  Correspondence to: Stephen T Holgate, MD, PhD, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Mail Point, 810, Level F, South Block, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. Tel: +44-2380-796974; Fax: +44-2380-796992;Email: sth@soton.ac.uk  Received November 09, 2012; Accepted December 04, 2012. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract My research career has focused on the causes of asthma and its treatment. After establishing the key role that mast cells play in the inflammatory response in asthma, attention was turned towards understanding disease chronicity and variability across the lifecourse. Through a combination of studies on airway biopsies and primary cell cultures we have established that asthma is primarily an epithelial disease driven by increased environmental susceptibility to injury and an altered repair response as depicted by sustained activation of the epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) that is invoked in foetal branching morphogenesis. Varied activation of the EMTU connects the origins of asthma to its progression over time with involvement of epithelial susceptibility through impaired barrier and innate immune functions and altered mesenchymal susceptibility as exemplified by polymorphisms of the metalloprotease gene, ADAM33. Taken together these observations have led to a fundamental re-evaluation of asthma pathogenesis. Rather than placing allergic inflammation as the prime abnormality, it is proposed that the airway epithelium lies at the center of asthma pathogenesis, and that in conjunction with the underlying mesenchyme, it is the principle orchestrator of both the induction of asthma and its evolution over the lifecourse. This concept has provided 'the basis for a new preventative and therapeutic approach focused more on increasing the airways resistance to environmental insults rather than suppressing downstream inflammation once it is established. Keywords: Asthma, management, prevention, treatment.

Tolerability to Etoricoxib in Patients With Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease

Original Article

Tolerability to Etoricoxib in Patients With Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease

D Koschel,1 C Ninck Weber,1 G Höffken1,2

1Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Fachkrankenhaus Coswig, Centre for Pulmonary Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Coswig, Germany 2Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2013; Vol. 23(4): 275-280

Abstract Background: The use of selective cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 inhibitors as an alternative to aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been suggested for patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). Objective: To evaluate tolerability to etoricoxib, a second-generation COX-2 inhibitor with high in vitro selectivity for COX-2 in patients with AERD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with suspected aspirin intolerance seen between October 2007 and April 2012. Single-blind, placebo-controlled oral challenges with increasing doses of aspirin and etoricoxib were performed on 3 different days. Results: Of 262 patients with suspected aspirin intolerance, 248 underwent challenge testing with aspirin and 122 (49.2%) showed positive test results. In 104 of these aspirin-sensitive patients, etoricoxib was tested as an alternative drug and was tolerated in all but 3 (2.9%), who developed a positive asthmatic reaction. Conclusions: The highly selective COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib was tolerated in most but not all patients tested. An oral provocation test is therefore recommended before prescribing etoricoxib for patients with AERD. Key words: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Asthma. COX-II inhibitor. Etoricoxib. Hypersensitivity   Free Full-Text (PDF)   How to use PDF documents

Safety of cluster specific immunotherapy with a modified high-dose house dust mite extract

 Vol 45, No 3 (2013) > Nieto Garcìa

Safety of cluster specific immunotherapy with a modified high-dose house dust mite extract

A. Nieto Garcìa, S. Nevot Falcò, T. Carrillo Dìaz, et al.

Abstract

Introduction. Although the efficacy and safety of high dose hypoallergenic mite subcutaneousimmunotherapy (SCIT) using a conventional administration schedule has alreadybeen demonstrated, there is no reported experience on the safety of these extracts with clusterschedules.We wanted to determine whether the use of a cluster schedule of a hypoallergenicallergen with a high concentration of house dust mite allergens commonly used in normalpractice was safe and well-tolerated in patients with dust mite allergy. Material andMethods. Multicentre, observational, retrospective study of dust mite allergic patientstreated with a cluster schedule of SCIT (Acaroid®; Day 1: 300/300 therapeutic units,TU– Day 8: 1000/1000 TU- Day 15: 3000/3000 TU) in 23 Spanish sites. Results. Clusterschedule was used on 434 patients (40.1% children), with a total of 3256 doses (38.2% inchildren). There were 88 clinically relevant adverse reactions, 79 out of them local and 9systemic (but mild-moderate) that amounted to 2.7% of all the administered doses. All thepatients fulfilled the cluster schedule. Conclusions. Cluster schedule with high dose hypoallergenicmite-SCIT was safe and well-tolerated in routine clinical practice. Therefore, itsuse could reduce the costs and time needed to achieve the desired maintenance dose and increasecompliance

Keywords

Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT); dust mites; high-dose allergoid cluster schedules; safety

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Research article

Comparison among nasopharyngeal swab, nasal wash, and oropharyngeal swab for respiratory virus detection in adults with acute pharyngitis

Li Li^1†, Qiao-Yan Chen^2†, Yun-Ying Li², Yan-Fang Wang³, Zi-Feng Yang^1* and Nan-Shan Zhong^1*

• *Corresponding authors: Zi-Feng Yang jeffyah@163.com - Nan-Shan Zhong nanshan@vip.163.com
• † Equal contributors

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BMC Infectious Diseases 2013, 13:281 doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-281

Published: 20 June 2013

Abstract

Background

Acute pharyngitis is frequently seen in primary care. Acute viral pharyngitis may be easily misdiagnosed as acute bacterial pharyngitis. Laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of respiratory viruses is recommended. The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivities among oropharyngeal swab (OPS), nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), and nasal wash (NW) in adults with acute pharyngitis.

Methods

OPS, NPS, and NW were obtained from each participant with acute pharyngitis. The specimens were tested for 15 respiratory viruses by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. A sample was considered to be a true positive if any of the specimens was positive. The sensitivities among samples were compared by chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.

Results

One hundred three triple samples collected consecutively by OPS, NPS, and NW were obtained. In 73 patients, one or more viruses were detected by any of the three methods. Among all viruses, the sensitivity of NPS was significantly higher than that of NW (74% vs. 49%, respectively; p < 0.01) and OPS (74% vs. 49%, respectively; p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Flocked NPS collection may be the most effective alternative to NW and OPS for detection of respiratory viruses in adults with acute pharyngitis using TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Keywords: 

Respiratory viruses; Acute pharyngitis; Oropharyngeal swab; Nasopharyngeal swab; Nasal wash; Sensitivity; TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction

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