Adult-onset mast cell activation syndrome following scombroid poisoning: a case report and review of the literature

Isabelle Brock, 

Nicole Eng & 

Anne Maitland 

Journal of Medical Case Reports volume 15, Article number: 620 (2021) 

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Abstract

Background

Mast cells are closely associated with epithelium, serving as sentinels responsible for the recognition of tissue injury and coordination of the initial inflammatory response. Upon detection of the injured cell content, mast cells then tailor the release of preformed and newly produced chemical mediators to the detected challenge, via an array of pathogen receptors. In addition to immunoglobulin E receptor-triggered mast cell activation, commonly referred to as allergic or atopic disorders, non-immunoglobulin E receptor mediated mast cell activation follows engagement of toll-like receptors, immunoglobulin G receptors, and complement receptors. Upon containment of the extrinsic challenge, acute inflammation is downregulated, and repair of the injured tissue ensues.

Potential prophylactic efficacy of mast cell stabilizers against COVID-19 vaccine-induced anaphylaxis

• Letters to the Editor
• Open Access
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• Itsuro Kazama 

Clinical and Molecular Allergy volume 19, Article number: 25 (2021) 

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Abstract

To fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the vaccination is currently the most effective approach. However, in addition to common systemic side effects, the vaccines can cause serious allergic reactions or anaphylaxis. In anaphylaxis, the exposure to the allergen causes a sudden release of chemical mediators from mast cells, for which adrenaline is the drug of first choice. In our previous basic studies, in addition to adrenaline, anti-allergic drugs (olopatadine, loratadine, tranilast and ketotifen), antibiotics (clarithromycin), corticosteroids (hydrocortisone and dexamethasone) and certain food constituents (caffeine and catechin) inhibited the process of exocytosis and showed their effectiveness as highly potent mast cell stabilizers.

Clinicopathological characteristics of IgG4-related lung disease

• Research
• Open Access
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• Jia Liu, 
• Yuxiang Liu, 
• Ximing Shen, 
• Zhanghai He, 
• Tingfeng Yu, 
• Li Pang, 
• Xiaoyan Jin & 
• Lingyun Wang 

BMC Pulmonary Medicine volume 21, Article number: 413 (2021) 

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Abstract

Background

Immunoglobulin G4-related lung disease (IgG4-RLD) is a rare entity. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients with pathologically confirmed IgG4-RLD to improve the diagnosis rate and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis.

Randomized controlled trial of ragweed sublingual immunotherapy tablet in the subpopulation of Canadian children and adolescents with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

• Research
• Open Access
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• Anne K. Ellis, 
• Remi Gagnon, 
• David I. Bernstein & 
• Hendrik Nolte 

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology volume 17, Article number: 127 (2021) 

Abstract

Background

Post hoc analyses of randomized placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated efficacy and tolerability of the ragweed sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)-tablet in Canadian adults with ragweed pollen-induced allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis (AR/C). This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of the ragweed SLIT-tablet in the subpopulation of Canadian children and adolescents with AR/C in a previously described randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Tiotropium bromide as adjunct therapy in children with asthma: a clinical experience

• Research
• Open Access
• 
  

• Zainab Ridha, 
• Marc-Antoine Bédard, 
• Anna Smyrnova, 
• Olivier Drouin, 
• Aniela Pruteanu, 
• Sandrine Essouri & 
• Francine M. Ducharme 

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology volume 17, Article number: 129 (2021) 

Abstract

Background

The Global Initiative for Asthma has only recently added tiotropium bromide as adjunct controller therapy in severe asthma (Step 4 or 5) in adults (2015) and children (2019). Although not yet approved for pediatric use by Health Canada, it has been occasionally offered by asthma specialists as a therapeutic trial in children with troublesome asthma or treatment for adverse effects. The objective of this study was to describe the indications and real-life clinical experience in initiating tiotropium in children with asthma.

Angioedema associated with dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors

• Clinical and Molecular Allergy  Review
• Open Access

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• Nicoletta Cassano, 
• Eustachio Nettis, 
• Elisabetta Di Leo, 
• Francesca Ambrogio, 
• Gino A. Vena & 
• Caterina Foti                                                                
  

Clinical and Molecular Allergy volume 19, Article number: 24 (2021) 

Abstract

Background
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, also known as gliptins, are a class of oral antidiabetic agents. Postmarketing reports have documented the occurrence of angioedema in patients treated with gliptins and it was found that these drugs increased the risk of angioedema in patients concurrently treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the risk of angioedema associated with gliptins.

Cost-utility of as-needed ICS-formoterol versus to maintenance ICS in mild to moderate persistent asthma

• Research
• Open Access

• Jefferson Antonio Buendía & 
• Diana Guerrero Patiño 
  

BMC Pulmonary Medicine volume 21, Article number: 397 (2021) 

Abstract

Background

Recent asthma guidelines, such as the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), recommend in adult patients as-needed inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)-formoterol as an alternative to maintenance ICS in mild to moderate persistent asthma. The introduction of these recommendations concerns whether using as-needed budesonide-formoterol would be more cost-effective than to maintenance ICS. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of as-needed combination low-dose budesonide-formoterol compared to short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) reliever therapy in patients with mild asthma.

Peanut oral immunotherapy differentially suppresses clonally distinct subsets of T helper cells

ResearchIn-Press PreviewImmunologyFree access | 10.1172/JCI150634

Brinda Monian,1 Ang A. Tu,2 Bert Ruiter,3 Duncan M. Morgan,2 Patrick M. Petrossian,1 Neal P. Smith,3 Todd M. Gierahn,1 Julia H. Ginder,1 Wayne G. Shreffler,3 and J. Christopher Love1

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Abstract

Food allergy affects an estimated 8% of children in the US. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a recently approved treatment, with outcomes ranging from sustained tolerance to food allergen to no apparent benefit. The immunological underpinnings that influence clinical outcomes of OIT still remain largely unresolved. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and paired TCRα/β sequencing, we assessed the transcriptomes of CD154+ and CD137+ peanut-reactive T helper cells from 12 peanut-allergic patients longitudinally throughout OIT. We observed expanded populations of cells expressing Th1, Th2, and Th17 signatures that further separated into six clonally distinct subsets.